Shooting Strategies - Digital Video for Multimedia
Moving Camera
A moving camera should be used as often as possible to create effect. Use pans, tilts and tracking to create varied shots. Try walking, running, jumping, sweeping and swinging the camera.
Pan- Move the camera horizontally from a stationary position
Tilt- Move the camera vertically from a stationary position
Zoom- increases or decreases your angle of view
Try moving while panning, tilting or zooming at the same time. Try not to zoom in and out and in and out.
Tracking- move the camera horizontally as you move around the subject
Crane shot- vertical track, you can use a seesaw, glass elevator or escalator
Try shooting a scene without looking through the viewfinder. You can be surprised what happens by accident. Try this strategy where you are reacting to the action without traditionally framing the scene. Hold the camera at waist level while walking. Point the camera straight down at the ground, Walk up to people with the camera pointing up at their face. Be creative.....
Camera Angle
Alter the position of the height of the camera. Shoot at eye level for only the most traditional of shots. By placing the camera below your subject and shooting up, creates the illusion of dominance. By placing the camera above your subject and shooting down, you create the illusion of submissiveness. Practice shots from waist level, ground level and from above. Remember you do not need to keep your camera level, you can use odd angles to create the feeling of chaos or anxiety.
Lighting
If you feel that your shots look boring and ordinary, alter your lighting. Go out and re-shoot your scenes at sunrise or sunset. Chose a cloudy day when the light is diffused. Diffused light enhances color. Bright sunlight washes out color. Use sunlight or lighting to capture shadows. Hose down
concrete or asphalt to create light reflections at night. Flashlights and candles can be used to create low light ambience.
Depth of Field
Depth of field on a video camera works just as it does on a 35mm SLR camera. The smaller the
aperture the greater the depth of field. Depth of field is the distance within your scene that is in focus. Remember that depth of field is affected by the focal length of the lens. When the camera lens is in its wide-angle position, the depth of field is greater. When the camera lens is in telephoto position the depth of field is reduced. To reduce camera shaking and increase the depth of field move closer to your subject instead of zooming the camera into subject.
Composition
Fill the frame. Be aware of every element that lies within the frame. All objects within the frame should have relevance. Be aware of the sides, top and bottom. Get up close, watch the movement and try to avoid centering everything. Use the rule of thirds.
Michelle Carpenter
Saturday, August 26, 2006
Thursday, August 10, 2006
REVIEW OF "THE WHALE RIDER"
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Terence Brennan
English 1601
23 June 2005
WHALE RIDER
The movie “Whale Rider” featuring dynamic actress Keisha Castle- Hughes is a classical narrative, that emphasizes on the celebration of female empowerment. A little girl, courageous enough to challenge the past believes, change the present predicament of her generation and determine to risk her life for the future of her people.
Theatrical trail:
For over 1000 years, the Maori people resided in a small New Zealand coastal village. It was strongly believed that their ancestors “Paikea” came to the settlement riding on the back of a Whale. Consequently, the tradition demands that the firstborn; son of the chief has to carried on his name “Paikea” and become the leader of their tribe.
Unfortunately, the tragic lose of Porourangi’s wife and son (Pai’s twin brother) at childbirth was interpreted as a bad omen that stricken his heart and most especially his father – Koro, the chief of the Maori people, leaving the only surviving girl child, Pai to be raised by her grandparents.
Pai’s grandfather refuse to acknowledge her right to successor as the next heir to the Paikea’s linage based on a traditional believe that the title is exclusively reserved to the first male child. Despite, all the ordeals, Pai’s grandmother, was able to see the greatness in the girl beyond the break in her husband’s linage; a little child that is desperate in need of love.
Although Koro’s affection towards his granddaughter later developed over the years, he could not deviate from the narrow vision of the traditions and customs he had known all his life. Pai grew up to be an intelligent, enchanting girl, only to be excluded from learning her people’s tradition based on gender disparity. However, blinded by prejudice, Koro was convinced that his tribe’s misfortune was deeply rooted in the birth of Pai and called for his people to bring forward their sons to be educate in the rituals of ancient chants, tribal rights and war techniques, essential for tribal leadership.
At Pai’s call, the Whales responded and came to the shores of the sea but were willing to die. The villagers did all they could to reverse the situation but Koro arrogantly refused pai’s offer to help. Ironically, the death of the Whales will signifies Koro’s failure and an end to his linage as the leader of his people. Pai was not willing to allow this to happen thus, she determined to reverse the tragic incidence and changed the destiny of her people forever.
Theme:
The theme centered on the major characters, Pai and her grandfather Koro. The main character, Pai represented in herself the symbol of change, courage and loyalty to the cause of her people. While, Koro displayed the frustration of individualism and his commitment to societal values and tradition, as against the need to listen to the voice of reason. The characters created some meaning which was easy for the audience to relate to in their daily lives. The movie created a theme that revolves around issues like pride, forgiveness, traditions and cultural taboos. These are provoking issue within the various cultural groups in our present world. This point of view was also dominant throughout the story, from the very beginning in the scenes where Koro visited the child at the hospital for the first time, to the concluding part of the story.
Plot:
The plot in this movie followed a traditional narrative pattern that unveils the sequence of event from the very beginning. The narrative sequence was constructed in a pattern that engaged the viewer’s emotion and reveals the logical relationship between one event and another. For example: the birth of Pai and the relationship that developed between the little girl and her grandparent over the years; the confrontation between Pai and her grandfather at the village meeting during the inauguration of the traditional school and finally; Koro’s rejection of Pai’s offer to help, which later reveal her approval by the Whale, as confirmed by the Whale ride.
Furthermore, the metaphoric use of a “twisted rope” to illustrate the history and strength of the Maori people in unity, Koro- “weave together the tread of Paikea so that our line remain strong”, “each one of those tread represent your ancestors. all join together and strong” and moments later condemning the same rope when it got broken, Koro- “useless bloody rope, I’ll get another one” was a twist that confirms the frustration and narrow mind of Koro.
The plot also established a conflict at the beginning, intensified throughout the middle, brought it to a climax towards the end and dissolved in a brief conclusion. The plot initiated a conflict by colliding two apparently opposite characters from the very beginning of the story. For example, koro’s statement- “Take the girl away”, the second and third part of the plot focused on developing the central conflict instituted in the first plot, by letting Pai’s popularity and success to dominate that of her grandfather. “Go to the back sit Pai or leave now” And in the forth section, resolving the central conflict through mutual understanding, acceptance of personal failure and forgiveness of one another thus, transforming the characters into a new light. For example, Koro’s statement- “forgive me. I am just a fledgling new to flight”
The scene of closure was characterized by a happy ending, which was an obvious part of the movie, in which Pai survived the Whale ride after risking her life. The grandfather apologizing to her by his sick bed and the final happy reunion of the entire community at the last scene. This conclusion gave the “Whale Rider” a universal appeal that justifies its being brought to the screen more often because of the positive way it gives its audience an idea about their society and its people at its best.
Characterization
The theme of the story was tailored around the main characters and some minor characters. With Pai, playing the role of the protagonist and the village chief – Koro, playing the role of the antagonist. Both characters were focused on their goals, but were able to reconsile with each other towards the end. Moreover, the characters were very realistic as revealed in there simply life style, dressing, standard of living and male dominance of the society, which is very typical of rural community setting. For example the leadership role of Koro, as the community leader; the various ritual observed during religious ceremonies and the societal expectation of the women within the community.
For example:
Pai- “Maori women has got to stop smoking, we’ve got to protect our childbearing properties”
Point of View:
Another very interesting element in the story was the psychological and cultural point of view, from which the narrator assuming the first person point of view. The story was narrated by the main character- Pai, using the first-person pronoun, “I” and relaying the events to the audience as if they were also involved in the story.
For example:
Pai- “Everyone was waiting for the first born boy to lead us… but he died… and I didn’t”.
Pai- “It was my father’s Waka but after I was born he didn’t want to carve it anymore. He went away. Everybody did.”
Also, we can notice the point of view of the camera in relationship to the characters at certain scene which helps to drive home some meaning and emotions that the movie wanted the audience to derive from the actions or characters. Such as the use of perspective, slow motion effects, close-up shots of Pai riding bicycle with her grandfather and Pai discussion with her father by the sea side.
Porourangi- “Koro is just - He’s just looking for something that doesn’t exist anymore”
Pai- “A new leader? They exist”
Porourangi- “yeah, they do, except I think its becoming more than that. In his head. Your Koro, he needs a prophet”.
Setting:
However, the setting of the story could probably be regarded as one of the most dynamic feature of the movie. The constant appearance of the sea, from the beginning to the end; the dark cloud that often depicted the tragedy of the Maori people; the green vegetation, the mountains; the community setting, costume and of course the sound effect, all added interesting meaning to the interpretation of theme.
In conclusion, it will be absolutely wrong to fully review the details of this epic story within the content of this paper. But I will rather like to conclude with a quote from one of the movie’s foremost critic – Chris Mitchell that describes the movie as “Touching” and “Wickedly Absorbing”
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Terence Brennan
English 1601
23 June 2005
WHALE RIDER
The movie “Whale Rider” featuring dynamic actress Keisha Castle- Hughes is a classical narrative, that emphasizes on the celebration of female empowerment. A little girl, courageous enough to challenge the past believes, change the present predicament of her generation and determine to risk her life for the future of her people.
Theatrical trail:
For over 1000 years, the Maori people resided in a small New Zealand coastal village. It was strongly believed that their ancestors “Paikea” came to the settlement riding on the back of a Whale. Consequently, the tradition demands that the firstborn; son of the chief has to carried on his name “Paikea” and become the leader of their tribe.
Unfortunately, the tragic lose of Porourangi’s wife and son (Pai’s twin brother) at childbirth was interpreted as a bad omen that stricken his heart and most especially his father – Koro, the chief of the Maori people, leaving the only surviving girl child, Pai to be raised by her grandparents.
Pai’s grandfather refuse to acknowledge her right to successor as the next heir to the Paikea’s linage based on a traditional believe that the title is exclusively reserved to the first male child. Despite, all the ordeals, Pai’s grandmother, was able to see the greatness in the girl beyond the break in her husband’s linage; a little child that is desperate in need of love.
Although Koro’s affection towards his granddaughter later developed over the years, he could not deviate from the narrow vision of the traditions and customs he had known all his life. Pai grew up to be an intelligent, enchanting girl, only to be excluded from learning her people’s tradition based on gender disparity. However, blinded by prejudice, Koro was convinced that his tribe’s misfortune was deeply rooted in the birth of Pai and called for his people to bring forward their sons to be educate in the rituals of ancient chants, tribal rights and war techniques, essential for tribal leadership.
At Pai’s call, the Whales responded and came to the shores of the sea but were willing to die. The villagers did all they could to reverse the situation but Koro arrogantly refused pai’s offer to help. Ironically, the death of the Whales will signifies Koro’s failure and an end to his linage as the leader of his people. Pai was not willing to allow this to happen thus, she determined to reverse the tragic incidence and changed the destiny of her people forever.
Theme:
The theme centered on the major characters, Pai and her grandfather Koro. The main character, Pai represented in herself the symbol of change, courage and loyalty to the cause of her people. While, Koro displayed the frustration of individualism and his commitment to societal values and tradition, as against the need to listen to the voice of reason. The characters created some meaning which was easy for the audience to relate to in their daily lives. The movie created a theme that revolves around issues like pride, forgiveness, traditions and cultural taboos. These are provoking issue within the various cultural groups in our present world. This point of view was also dominant throughout the story, from the very beginning in the scenes where Koro visited the child at the hospital for the first time, to the concluding part of the story.
Plot:
The plot in this movie followed a traditional narrative pattern that unveils the sequence of event from the very beginning. The narrative sequence was constructed in a pattern that engaged the viewer’s emotion and reveals the logical relationship between one event and another. For example: the birth of Pai and the relationship that developed between the little girl and her grandparent over the years; the confrontation between Pai and her grandfather at the village meeting during the inauguration of the traditional school and finally; Koro’s rejection of Pai’s offer to help, which later reveal her approval by the Whale, as confirmed by the Whale ride.
Furthermore, the metaphoric use of a “twisted rope” to illustrate the history and strength of the Maori people in unity, Koro- “weave together the tread of Paikea so that our line remain strong”, “each one of those tread represent your ancestors. all join together and strong” and moments later condemning the same rope when it got broken, Koro- “useless bloody rope, I’ll get another one” was a twist that confirms the frustration and narrow mind of Koro.
The plot also established a conflict at the beginning, intensified throughout the middle, brought it to a climax towards the end and dissolved in a brief conclusion. The plot initiated a conflict by colliding two apparently opposite characters from the very beginning of the story. For example, koro’s statement- “Take the girl away”, the second and third part of the plot focused on developing the central conflict instituted in the first plot, by letting Pai’s popularity and success to dominate that of her grandfather. “Go to the back sit Pai or leave now” And in the forth section, resolving the central conflict through mutual understanding, acceptance of personal failure and forgiveness of one another thus, transforming the characters into a new light. For example, Koro’s statement- “forgive me. I am just a fledgling new to flight”
The scene of closure was characterized by a happy ending, which was an obvious part of the movie, in which Pai survived the Whale ride after risking her life. The grandfather apologizing to her by his sick bed and the final happy reunion of the entire community at the last scene. This conclusion gave the “Whale Rider” a universal appeal that justifies its being brought to the screen more often because of the positive way it gives its audience an idea about their society and its people at its best.
Characterization
The theme of the story was tailored around the main characters and some minor characters. With Pai, playing the role of the protagonist and the village chief – Koro, playing the role of the antagonist. Both characters were focused on their goals, but were able to reconsile with each other towards the end. Moreover, the characters were very realistic as revealed in there simply life style, dressing, standard of living and male dominance of the society, which is very typical of rural community setting. For example the leadership role of Koro, as the community leader; the various ritual observed during religious ceremonies and the societal expectation of the women within the community.
For example:
Pai- “Maori women has got to stop smoking, we’ve got to protect our childbearing properties”
Point of View:
Another very interesting element in the story was the psychological and cultural point of view, from which the narrator assuming the first person point of view. The story was narrated by the main character- Pai, using the first-person pronoun, “I” and relaying the events to the audience as if they were also involved in the story.
For example:
Pai- “Everyone was waiting for the first born boy to lead us… but he died… and I didn’t”.
Pai- “It was my father’s Waka but after I was born he didn’t want to carve it anymore. He went away. Everybody did.”
Also, we can notice the point of view of the camera in relationship to the characters at certain scene which helps to drive home some meaning and emotions that the movie wanted the audience to derive from the actions or characters. Such as the use of perspective, slow motion effects, close-up shots of Pai riding bicycle with her grandfather and Pai discussion with her father by the sea side.
Porourangi- “Koro is just - He’s just looking for something that doesn’t exist anymore”
Pai- “A new leader? They exist”
Porourangi- “yeah, they do, except I think its becoming more than that. In his head. Your Koro, he needs a prophet”.
Setting:
However, the setting of the story could probably be regarded as one of the most dynamic feature of the movie. The constant appearance of the sea, from the beginning to the end; the dark cloud that often depicted the tragedy of the Maori people; the green vegetation, the mountains; the community setting, costume and of course the sound effect, all added interesting meaning to the interpretation of theme.
In conclusion, it will be absolutely wrong to fully review the details of this epic story within the content of this paper. But I will rather like to conclude with a quote from one of the movie’s foremost critic – Chris Mitchell that describes the movie as “Touching” and “Wickedly Absorbing”
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Contributions of Anthropology/Anthropologists in Society Biulding
Some other issues in the modern world to which anthropology/anthropologists might contribute include the following topic.
Firstly, It will be very interesting to examine the growing cultural trend of body piecing and tattoos in the present day America. Especially understanding the code in the language and its history from the past to the present day society
Moreover, there is need to ask questions such as, does it has a peculiar pattern in age, sex, race or statues amongst its followers?
Also, It will be interesting to know the similarities and differences that exist in this cultural trend, especially, when compared with similar tattoo culture from other part of the world.
Secondly, anthropology/anthropologists should look into is in the money-spending pattern within the American society. It will also be interesting to note what the spending pattern was like in the past and what it will look like in future. Most especially, the cultural influence of credit card usage, with various interest rates and the demographic distribution of wealth among credit card users with emphasis to their sex, race, age and geographic location within the country.
Lastly, I will wish anthropology/anthropologists would study the historic pattern in the political leadership in the United States. This should also explore the language, culture and history of the political class. Also, exploring the possibilities of a consistent pattern in such political trend or if there is any chance for drastic changes in the future.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Firstly, It will be very interesting to examine the growing cultural trend of body piecing and tattoos in the present day America. Especially understanding the code in the language and its history from the past to the present day society
Moreover, there is need to ask questions such as, does it has a peculiar pattern in age, sex, race or statues amongst its followers?
Also, It will be interesting to know the similarities and differences that exist in this cultural trend, especially, when compared with similar tattoo culture from other part of the world.
Secondly, anthropology/anthropologists should look into is in the money-spending pattern within the American society. It will also be interesting to note what the spending pattern was like in the past and what it will look like in future. Most especially, the cultural influence of credit card usage, with various interest rates and the demographic distribution of wealth among credit card users with emphasis to their sex, race, age and geographic location within the country.
Lastly, I will wish anthropology/anthropologists would study the historic pattern in the political leadership in the United States. This should also explore the language, culture and history of the political class. Also, exploring the possibilities of a consistent pattern in such political trend or if there is any chance for drastic changes in the future.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Point of Interest As a Social Psychology Student
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Social Psychology
09-29-05
As a social psychology student, I will be interested in studying the consequence of divorce on children, spouse, adults and the society at large. It is interesting to note that as a product of a divorced parent, I can not over emphasis the tremor and emotional distress that I went through living with three different women and calling each of them “mother” over a period of fourteen years and the detrimental influence on my life as an adult. Moreover, it is alarming to note that the rate of divorce has been on a steady increase in the past ten years in the United States. However, it will be interesting to investigate the following questions:
1. What are the contributing factors that encourage the growth of divorce rate as a social behavior within our society?
2. Who are the major victims in every divorce situation?
3. How has the society contributed to the growth of this ugly trend?
4. Why is it a social problem that needs to be addressed?
In conducting this research I hope to throw more light into the seriousness of the issue and make possible suggestions on how couples can survive the challenges of marriage together, over coming conflicts thus creating a happy family and a healthy society.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Social Psychology
09-29-05
As a social psychology student, I will be interested in studying the consequence of divorce on children, spouse, adults and the society at large. It is interesting to note that as a product of a divorced parent, I can not over emphasis the tremor and emotional distress that I went through living with three different women and calling each of them “mother” over a period of fourteen years and the detrimental influence on my life as an adult. Moreover, it is alarming to note that the rate of divorce has been on a steady increase in the past ten years in the United States. However, it will be interesting to investigate the following questions:
1. What are the contributing factors that encourage the growth of divorce rate as a social behavior within our society?
2. Who are the major victims in every divorce situation?
3. How has the society contributed to the growth of this ugly trend?
4. Why is it a social problem that needs to be addressed?
In conducting this research I hope to throw more light into the seriousness of the issue and make possible suggestions on how couples can survive the challenges of marriage together, over coming conflicts thus creating a happy family and a healthy society.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
How Self-Awareness Influence The Way We Think And The Emotion We Feel.
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Social Psychology
09-14-05
How Self-Awareness Influence The Way We Think And The Emotion We Feel.
The reflection of self starts from the very beginning, once a child can identify his or her name repeatedly, this allow them to gradually see them-self as a distinct and recurrent point of reference and this is later to be followed by awareness of independent status within the social group.
In the first instance, self is the individual viewed as both the source and the object of reflexive behavior (pg.81). However, the concept of self identity is represented both in active and passive aspects of our life in the form of ‘I’ and ‘me’ and it is created as a result of meanings attached to the self by one’s self and others. Thus, the minute we can distinguish our physical and intellectual features from that of others, we recognize that our perspective of viewing the world is different from that of others.
Furthermore, one of the factors that help to confirm self-awareness is self-evaluation; this involves the way others evaluate or judge our actions, which could lead to a positive self-concept or a negative self-concept. For example, a creative artist will pursue opportunities to exhibit his paintings in art galleries once he can sees himself as talented rather that if he consider himself as not good enough.
However, acceptance of membership within a social categories base on criteria such as nationality, gender, sexuality, race/ ethnicity helps to create within every human being what we define as social identities; these characteristics becomes standards for individual’s thoughts, feelings and actions. For example -real men don’t cry in public- once an individual can identify with the characteristics of this group (men), he manifest the qualities, traits and values of that group as part of his self-identity. According to the book “if your interaction with other group members confirms the importance of these attributes, they become part of the self you know” (pg.86).
In other to understand how self-awareness influence the way we think and the emotion we feel, it is important to note that “self-schema influences the speed and certainty with which we process information, how we interpret feedback from others and the storage in and retrieval from memory of information” (pg.94). For example, the way a military man will respond to a terrorist attack in an airplane will be different from the way a pastor will respond to the same situation. The military man is likely to respond more quickly, aggressive, confidently, risky manner, defensive, brave or violent; whereas the pastor might be more peaceful, compassionate, forgiving, gentle and slow to react to the situation. According to the book ”people are quicker and more certain when judging and interpreting information related to their important identities or qualities” (pg. 94).
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Social Psychology
09-14-05
How Self-Awareness Influence The Way We Think And The Emotion We Feel.
The reflection of self starts from the very beginning, once a child can identify his or her name repeatedly, this allow them to gradually see them-self as a distinct and recurrent point of reference and this is later to be followed by awareness of independent status within the social group.
In the first instance, self is the individual viewed as both the source and the object of reflexive behavior (pg.81). However, the concept of self identity is represented both in active and passive aspects of our life in the form of ‘I’ and ‘me’ and it is created as a result of meanings attached to the self by one’s self and others. Thus, the minute we can distinguish our physical and intellectual features from that of others, we recognize that our perspective of viewing the world is different from that of others.
Furthermore, one of the factors that help to confirm self-awareness is self-evaluation; this involves the way others evaluate or judge our actions, which could lead to a positive self-concept or a negative self-concept. For example, a creative artist will pursue opportunities to exhibit his paintings in art galleries once he can sees himself as talented rather that if he consider himself as not good enough.
However, acceptance of membership within a social categories base on criteria such as nationality, gender, sexuality, race/ ethnicity helps to create within every human being what we define as social identities; these characteristics becomes standards for individual’s thoughts, feelings and actions. For example -real men don’t cry in public- once an individual can identify with the characteristics of this group (men), he manifest the qualities, traits and values of that group as part of his self-identity. According to the book “if your interaction with other group members confirms the importance of these attributes, they become part of the self you know” (pg.86).
In other to understand how self-awareness influence the way we think and the emotion we feel, it is important to note that “self-schema influences the speed and certainty with which we process information, how we interpret feedback from others and the storage in and retrieval from memory of information” (pg.94). For example, the way a military man will respond to a terrorist attack in an airplane will be different from the way a pastor will respond to the same situation. The military man is likely to respond more quickly, aggressive, confidently, risky manner, defensive, brave or violent; whereas the pastor might be more peaceful, compassionate, forgiving, gentle and slow to react to the situation. According to the book ”people are quicker and more certain when judging and interpreting information related to their important identities or qualities” (pg. 94).
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
The Media Journey To Iraq: Weapons Of Mass Deception
Andrea Modica
English 2030-001
Research Essay Cover Letter
26 July 2005
Dear Reader,
The Media Journey To Iraq: Weapons Of Mass Deception is all about the manipulation, transformation and globalization of the media, and the effects on the perception of its viewing public in making crucial decisions. Furthermore, this research is intended to pave way for future inquiries that would probably go down in the twenty-first century as the most important and controversial issue to be unveiled in the history of America.
This is largely because the decision to go to war with Iraq on the 23rd of March 2003, was widely influenced by the collaboration between the media and the government’s propaganda, that Iraq government had direct link to the terrorist attack in the United States on September 11, 2001 and that the Iraq government had possession of weapons of mass destruction that could be used against any nation or provided to terrorist. Thus, ultimately posing a treat to the peace and security of the United States and the world at large.
Against this background, it is important to note that the purpose of journalistic objectivity was to help disseminate the truth to the public without taking sides on issues. It is this noble objective that earned the media it’s public’s trust as custodians of truth for centuries. Unfortunately, majority of the media houses failed the American public when it mattered most by acting as a collaborative agent to government’s “Weapons of Mass Deception”.
Almost two years after the official ending of the war on Iraq, majority of Americans are discovering the fact that not only was Iraq innocent of the September 11 attack on the United States, she did not posse any weapon of mass destruction as claimed by the U.S government and amplified by the media. Moreover, the idea that the battle with Iraq will involve minimal casualties on the side of the U.S army, or that the removal of Sadam Hussein from power was the first major victory in the war on terror, were all false fabrication of the U.S government. Rather the causality rate is on the increase and the numbers of insurgence are multiplying on a daily bases.
However, it is important to note that the majority of Americans are not blood tasty; contrary to popular believes, but rather were wrongly informed by the media they have learn to trust for centuries. Moreover, the growth of capitalism over the years has robed the media of its true identity in the bid of maximizing profit. Thus, the principles and objectives of “independent journalism” have given way to “patriotic journalism” through the merger of information and entertainment.
Furthermore, I will like to acknowledge the support and encouragement of my classmates and friends such as Brent, Francis Obi, officer Jackson Joseph of the American Army, Mercy Olaka, staff of the Aurora Public Library, staff of the Aurarian Library at the University of Colorado at Denver, my son Gideon Kukoyi and lovely wife Ola Kukoyi, the Bedford researcher web site and most especially my lecturer, Andrea Modica who has done all in her powers to ensure that this research had a critical scrutiny.
In conclusion, it is hoped that this research paper will awaken the American public to challenge the sources and motives of their information in the future; at the same time hold the media accountable for the immense atrocities that this monumental error has caused the image and people of this great nation and the consequences they are bound to live with in the future.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
English 2030-001
Research Essay Cover Letter
26 July 2005
Dear Reader,
The Media Journey To Iraq: Weapons Of Mass Deception is all about the manipulation, transformation and globalization of the media, and the effects on the perception of its viewing public in making crucial decisions. Furthermore, this research is intended to pave way for future inquiries that would probably go down in the twenty-first century as the most important and controversial issue to be unveiled in the history of America.
This is largely because the decision to go to war with Iraq on the 23rd of March 2003, was widely influenced by the collaboration between the media and the government’s propaganda, that Iraq government had direct link to the terrorist attack in the United States on September 11, 2001 and that the Iraq government had possession of weapons of mass destruction that could be used against any nation or provided to terrorist. Thus, ultimately posing a treat to the peace and security of the United States and the world at large.
Against this background, it is important to note that the purpose of journalistic objectivity was to help disseminate the truth to the public without taking sides on issues. It is this noble objective that earned the media it’s public’s trust as custodians of truth for centuries. Unfortunately, majority of the media houses failed the American public when it mattered most by acting as a collaborative agent to government’s “Weapons of Mass Deception”.
Almost two years after the official ending of the war on Iraq, majority of Americans are discovering the fact that not only was Iraq innocent of the September 11 attack on the United States, she did not posse any weapon of mass destruction as claimed by the U.S government and amplified by the media. Moreover, the idea that the battle with Iraq will involve minimal casualties on the side of the U.S army, or that the removal of Sadam Hussein from power was the first major victory in the war on terror, were all false fabrication of the U.S government. Rather the causality rate is on the increase and the numbers of insurgence are multiplying on a daily bases.
However, it is important to note that the majority of Americans are not blood tasty; contrary to popular believes, but rather were wrongly informed by the media they have learn to trust for centuries. Moreover, the growth of capitalism over the years has robed the media of its true identity in the bid of maximizing profit. Thus, the principles and objectives of “independent journalism” have given way to “patriotic journalism” through the merger of information and entertainment.
Furthermore, I will like to acknowledge the support and encouragement of my classmates and friends such as Brent, Francis Obi, officer Jackson Joseph of the American Army, Mercy Olaka, staff of the Aurora Public Library, staff of the Aurarian Library at the University of Colorado at Denver, my son Gideon Kukoyi and lovely wife Ola Kukoyi, the Bedford researcher web site and most especially my lecturer, Andrea Modica who has done all in her powers to ensure that this research had a critical scrutiny.
In conclusion, it is hoped that this research paper will awaken the American public to challenge the sources and motives of their information in the future; at the same time hold the media accountable for the immense atrocities that this monumental error has caused the image and people of this great nation and the consequences they are bound to live with in the future.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
POWER CORRUPTS, ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY.
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
ENGL 2030
Responsible Propaganda Project
Andrea Modica
23 June 2005
POWER CORRUPTS, ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY.
The events of September 11 2002, have proven that terrorists can attack us, but they can’t take away what makes us Americans; our freedom, our liberty and our civil rights.
This simple believe unveil the basis on which America’s ideology is built upon which also include the following:
• Responsible Leadership
• Political and Economic Might
• Equality, Freedom and Justice
In the first instance, it is almost impossible to find the right words that adequately express the horror, the shock and the revulsion we all felt over what took place during September 11. As a nation, we must act conscientiously in order to ensuring that we set a lasting precedence for future generation. According to the British prime minister, Tony Blair, “Understand the causes of terror? Yes, we should try, but let there be no moral ambiguity about this: nothing could ever justify the events of September 11 and it is to turn justice on its head to pretend it could”
The pictures in figure 1 bellow were images of September 11terrorist attack on the United State of America
Figure 1: September 9/11 attack on the trade center and a devastated fire fighter
Secondly, acting responsibly does not necessarily imply that we go to war at every instinct of provocation, but simply meaning that we have to tamper justice with mercy. We must come to terms that peace cannot be kept by force, but can only be achieved by understanding. According to Albert Einstein, “I am not only a pacifist but a militant pacifist. I am willing to fight for peace. Nothing will end war unless the people themselves refuse to go to war”- (Albert Einstein Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921)
Obviously, America is noted for its greatness, richly blessed with abundant human and material resources. We have the right and capability to protect the sovereignty of our people, but in doing so we must be cautious not to set wrong precedence for other nations. Ensuring that we do not inflict undue harm and injustice to innocent people that resides in a nation that has no record of violence against our country, America. According to John Emerich Edward Dalberg “History must be our deliverer not only from the undue influence of other times, but from the undue influence of our own, from the tyranny of environment and the pressures of the air we breathe”-(John Emerich Edward Dalberg English Historian, 1834-1902).
Furthermore, by attacking Iraq, we are equally justifying the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, which was widely condemned by the entire world. We must comply with regulated rules as stipulated in the United Nation constitution, which we are signatory to. On the other hand, acting unilaterally was a bad precedence for bully nations to emulate and attack weaker countries.
The pictures in figure 2 bellow were images of Iraqi children and the United State Coalition force
Figure 2: Iraqi Children and the United State Army attack on Baghdad
Moreover, when human generations live on for decades without being shaken and stirred up by the powerful flood of events in history, then their customs and traditions can become too cozy and too comfortable. In the end these very human constructions take the place of God. According to Mahatma Gandhi “The true democrat is he who with purely nonviolent means defends his liberty and therefore, his country’s and ultimately that of the world of mankind”(Mahatma Gandhi, Indian Philosopher. 1869-1948)
Without any doubt, war on terror is the greatest challenge of the twenty first century. It is a war that every country needs to fight, not only for the sake of America but for the peace of the world at large.
In conclusion, the event of September 11, 2002 will forever be in the history of our great country. Let us as a nation help to rewrite history, not by inventing war but through dialogue and understanding, living at peace with one another and the world at large. As the saying goes, “Serenity is not freedom from the storm, but peace amid the storm”.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
ENGL 2030
Responsible Propaganda Project
Andrea Modica
23 June 2005
POWER CORRUPTS, ABSOLUTE POWER CORRUPTS ABSOLUTELY.
The events of September 11 2002, have proven that terrorists can attack us, but they can’t take away what makes us Americans; our freedom, our liberty and our civil rights.
This simple believe unveil the basis on which America’s ideology is built upon which also include the following:
• Responsible Leadership
• Political and Economic Might
• Equality, Freedom and Justice
In the first instance, it is almost impossible to find the right words that adequately express the horror, the shock and the revulsion we all felt over what took place during September 11. As a nation, we must act conscientiously in order to ensuring that we set a lasting precedence for future generation. According to the British prime minister, Tony Blair, “Understand the causes of terror? Yes, we should try, but let there be no moral ambiguity about this: nothing could ever justify the events of September 11 and it is to turn justice on its head to pretend it could”
The pictures in figure 1 bellow were images of September 11terrorist attack on the United State of America
Figure 1: September 9/11 attack on the trade center and a devastated fire fighter
Secondly, acting responsibly does not necessarily imply that we go to war at every instinct of provocation, but simply meaning that we have to tamper justice with mercy. We must come to terms that peace cannot be kept by force, but can only be achieved by understanding. According to Albert Einstein, “I am not only a pacifist but a militant pacifist. I am willing to fight for peace. Nothing will end war unless the people themselves refuse to go to war”- (Albert Einstein Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921)
Obviously, America is noted for its greatness, richly blessed with abundant human and material resources. We have the right and capability to protect the sovereignty of our people, but in doing so we must be cautious not to set wrong precedence for other nations. Ensuring that we do not inflict undue harm and injustice to innocent people that resides in a nation that has no record of violence against our country, America. According to John Emerich Edward Dalberg “History must be our deliverer not only from the undue influence of other times, but from the undue influence of our own, from the tyranny of environment and the pressures of the air we breathe”-(John Emerich Edward Dalberg English Historian, 1834-1902).
Furthermore, by attacking Iraq, we are equally justifying the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, which was widely condemned by the entire world. We must comply with regulated rules as stipulated in the United Nation constitution, which we are signatory to. On the other hand, acting unilaterally was a bad precedence for bully nations to emulate and attack weaker countries.
The pictures in figure 2 bellow were images of Iraqi children and the United State Coalition force
Figure 2: Iraqi Children and the United State Army attack on Baghdad
Moreover, when human generations live on for decades without being shaken and stirred up by the powerful flood of events in history, then their customs and traditions can become too cozy and too comfortable. In the end these very human constructions take the place of God. According to Mahatma Gandhi “The true democrat is he who with purely nonviolent means defends his liberty and therefore, his country’s and ultimately that of the world of mankind”(Mahatma Gandhi, Indian Philosopher. 1869-1948)
Without any doubt, war on terror is the greatest challenge of the twenty first century. It is a war that every country needs to fight, not only for the sake of America but for the peace of the world at large.
In conclusion, the event of September 11, 2002 will forever be in the history of our great country. Let us as a nation help to rewrite history, not by inventing war but through dialogue and understanding, living at peace with one another and the world at large. As the saying goes, “Serenity is not freedom from the storm, but peace amid the storm”.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
How is Narrative Derived?
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Designing For Human Experience
FA 3435
02-22-06
How is Narrative Derived?
Narrative is one of the fundamental means through which we understand, organize and explain our experiences. This core concept of narrative plays a vital role in our learning, our communication and our social interaction; which also include art and recreational activities. In fact, all form of communication involves a narrative pattern of storytelling.
By simple definition, the term narrative, regardless of its context (either philosophical, scientific or legal) could also refers to a form of story; a visual interpretation of some aspect of the world that is historically and culturally shaped by human personality. Furthermore, narration can also be describe as symbolic actions, words, and/or deeds that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create or interpret them.
The concept of narrative can be derived from simple semiotic, which involves individual building blocks of meaning called signs, while studying the way by which such signs are combined into codes in other to transmit messages. This can be regarded as part of a general communication system, which uses both verbal and nonverbal elements through which information is encoded for presentation to humans, i.e. the type of signs and to the status of reality ascribed to or claimed by a sign, text or genre.
Human beings seem to prefer to communicate or share information in form of a story line. Rather than organizing data as fact in logical sequence, in fact, most people
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Designing For Human Experience
FA 3435
02-22-06
How is Narrative Derived?
Narrative is one of the fundamental means through which we understand, organize and explain our experiences. This core concept of narrative plays a vital role in our learning, our communication and our social interaction; which also include art and recreational activities. In fact, all form of communication involves a narrative pattern of storytelling.
By simple definition, the term narrative, regardless of its context (either philosophical, scientific or legal) could also refers to a form of story; a visual interpretation of some aspect of the world that is historically and culturally shaped by human personality. Furthermore, narration can also be describe as symbolic actions, words, and/or deeds that have sequence and meaning for those who live, create or interpret them.
The concept of narrative can be derived from simple semiotic, which involves individual building blocks of meaning called signs, while studying the way by which such signs are combined into codes in other to transmit messages. This can be regarded as part of a general communication system, which uses both verbal and nonverbal elements through which information is encoded for presentation to humans, i.e. the type of signs and to the status of reality ascribed to or claimed by a sign, text or genre.
Human beings seem to prefer to communicate or share information in form of a story line. Rather than organizing data as fact in logical sequence, in fact, most people
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
The Act of Loneliness
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Social Psychology
11-04-05
Loneliness is a relative hash term that describes an individual without companions, it is a solitary life style that sometimes expresses the independent, isolation of ones mind or seclusion of an individual emotion from others within the same environment. However, the greatest reason that works in favor of loneliness is that, this idea creates a sense of independent and self-sustenance within a group. At the same time, encourage individual self-expression.
On the down side, this idea can be desolate thus, producing dejection, simply because life is full of ups and down and we all need somebody to lien on and share our thoughts and worries with in times of trouble.
Although, when compared with a romantic relationships, loneliness can also be experienced in a subtle manner, simply because, not everybody involved in a romantic relationship is actually happy or actively engaged in such relationship.
However, this is contrary to the general believes or myth that, romantic relationship is often characterized with joy, funfair and a ‘happily ever after’ kind of ending. This notion is not necessarily true in every relationship. For example, I was involved in a romantic relationship with a colleague of mine and everybody thought we were the best of couples, but the reality was that we were not happy with each other base on some ideological differences that we failed to address at the early stage of the relationship. I must confess that the day the relationship was finally dissolved was the happiest moment for me, because I felt a sense of relieve, longing to be alone just by myself.
On the other hand, romantic relationship or marriage could be very beneficial. It flows with the general believes that ‘two heads are better than one’. A major advantage in marriage of romantic relationship is that the couple can merge their intellectual resources together and achieve greater physical, emotional and financial results targeted towards a common goal.
On the down side, this can be a great challenge due to the fact that it is tough to reach a decision as a couple, whereas, individuals can make crucial decisions much faster.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Social Psychology
11-04-05
Loneliness is a relative hash term that describes an individual without companions, it is a solitary life style that sometimes expresses the independent, isolation of ones mind or seclusion of an individual emotion from others within the same environment. However, the greatest reason that works in favor of loneliness is that, this idea creates a sense of independent and self-sustenance within a group. At the same time, encourage individual self-expression.
On the down side, this idea can be desolate thus, producing dejection, simply because life is full of ups and down and we all need somebody to lien on and share our thoughts and worries with in times of trouble.
Although, when compared with a romantic relationships, loneliness can also be experienced in a subtle manner, simply because, not everybody involved in a romantic relationship is actually happy or actively engaged in such relationship.
However, this is contrary to the general believes or myth that, romantic relationship is often characterized with joy, funfair and a ‘happily ever after’ kind of ending. This notion is not necessarily true in every relationship. For example, I was involved in a romantic relationship with a colleague of mine and everybody thought we were the best of couples, but the reality was that we were not happy with each other base on some ideological differences that we failed to address at the early stage of the relationship. I must confess that the day the relationship was finally dissolved was the happiest moment for me, because I felt a sense of relieve, longing to be alone just by myself.
On the other hand, romantic relationship or marriage could be very beneficial. It flows with the general believes that ‘two heads are better than one’. A major advantage in marriage of romantic relationship is that the couple can merge their intellectual resources together and achieve greater physical, emotional and financial results targeted towards a common goal.
On the down side, this can be a great challenge due to the fact that it is tough to reach a decision as a couple, whereas, individuals can make crucial decisions much faster.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
What Have We Learned From Natural Disasters?
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Aurora Central High School
NCLB Writing Assessment
11-03- 05
What Have We Learned From Natural Disasters?
In as much as we all agree that there is little or nothing we can do to totally prevent natural disasters from happening. However, we must acknowledge the fact that we have the potentials and the resources to adequately prepare for these disasters long before they happen in other to help cushion its devastating effect on lives and properties in our society.
In the first instance, the word ‘natural disaster’, according to the Webster’s New Millennium Dictionary of English, simply refers to “any event or force of nature that has catastrophic consequences, such as avalanche, earthquake, fold forest fire, hurricane, lightning, tornado, tsunami and volcanic eruption”. The above definition explains a natural phenomenon that cuts across any geographic location on earth and has dated back to the history of mankind. Equally important, most people panic, especially if they are ill prepared for this tragic event or they are not able to get necessary help from appropriate government authorities. Consequently, this may result to a brake down of law and order within the society, leading to looting, fighting, raping or even killing of each other.
In the past years, the United States has had its fear share of natural disasters, among which are the Colorado wild fires of 2003, California earthquake of 2004 and the most recent hurricane Katrina, that destroyed lives and properties in three major states, namely Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana.
The greatest question that we need to ask ourselves after this long history of devastating catastrophes is that ‘what have we learned from these natural disasters’?
In the first instance, it is crucial to understand that both the people and government need to work together and plan ahead of time. Moreover, government must ensuring that the people are well informed of the nature of the disaster, its consequent to lives and properties and the best way of response in the event of such disaster. Consequently, this approach will greatly help to reduce panic amongst the people in a crisis situation. For example the ugly situation that was experienced during hurricane Katrina would have been avoided if the people and the government had planned ahead with adequate logistics and transportation for evacuating the people before the D-day.
Secondly, the past event has reveal the need for proper legislations and funding of government and private institutions that are responsible for coordinating and managing natural disasters in the country. In addition, the ugly situation whereby people were stranded for days without potable clean water, clothes, electricity or medical supplies could be effectively managed once the necessary institutions are well funded.
Thirdly, there is a need to mobilize all our resources at the federal, state and local level and act as a nation, simply because, the impact of a natural disaster can greatly affect and destroy anybody, any where, at any time, regardless of geographic location, race, ethnic, gender, or social statues of the people involved.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that if the society is proper informed, while government provide adequate funding for designated institutions and the general sense of unity of purpose at the federal, state and local level are all given proper attention; it will not only reduce the impact of such devastating experience in future but will also unite the entire nation and its people in the event of future natural disaster. According to a popular quote, “A nation that stands together can not be broken”.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Aurora Central High School
NCLB Writing Assessment
11-03- 05
What Have We Learned From Natural Disasters?
In as much as we all agree that there is little or nothing we can do to totally prevent natural disasters from happening. However, we must acknowledge the fact that we have the potentials and the resources to adequately prepare for these disasters long before they happen in other to help cushion its devastating effect on lives and properties in our society.
In the first instance, the word ‘natural disaster’, according to the Webster’s New Millennium Dictionary of English, simply refers to “any event or force of nature that has catastrophic consequences, such as avalanche, earthquake, fold forest fire, hurricane, lightning, tornado, tsunami and volcanic eruption”. The above definition explains a natural phenomenon that cuts across any geographic location on earth and has dated back to the history of mankind. Equally important, most people panic, especially if they are ill prepared for this tragic event or they are not able to get necessary help from appropriate government authorities. Consequently, this may result to a brake down of law and order within the society, leading to looting, fighting, raping or even killing of each other.
In the past years, the United States has had its fear share of natural disasters, among which are the Colorado wild fires of 2003, California earthquake of 2004 and the most recent hurricane Katrina, that destroyed lives and properties in three major states, namely Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana.
The greatest question that we need to ask ourselves after this long history of devastating catastrophes is that ‘what have we learned from these natural disasters’?
In the first instance, it is crucial to understand that both the people and government need to work together and plan ahead of time. Moreover, government must ensuring that the people are well informed of the nature of the disaster, its consequent to lives and properties and the best way of response in the event of such disaster. Consequently, this approach will greatly help to reduce panic amongst the people in a crisis situation. For example the ugly situation that was experienced during hurricane Katrina would have been avoided if the people and the government had planned ahead with adequate logistics and transportation for evacuating the people before the D-day.
Secondly, the past event has reveal the need for proper legislations and funding of government and private institutions that are responsible for coordinating and managing natural disasters in the country. In addition, the ugly situation whereby people were stranded for days without potable clean water, clothes, electricity or medical supplies could be effectively managed once the necessary institutions are well funded.
Thirdly, there is a need to mobilize all our resources at the federal, state and local level and act as a nation, simply because, the impact of a natural disaster can greatly affect and destroy anybody, any where, at any time, regardless of geographic location, race, ethnic, gender, or social statues of the people involved.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that if the society is proper informed, while government provide adequate funding for designated institutions and the general sense of unity of purpose at the federal, state and local level are all given proper attention; it will not only reduce the impact of such devastating experience in future but will also unite the entire nation and its people in the event of future natural disaster. According to a popular quote, “A nation that stands together can not be broken”.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
The concept of freedom, order, equality and power playing out in the Flat world discussed by Tom Friedman?
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Harv Bishop
Political Science
09-29-05
The concept of freedom, order, equality and power playing out in the Flat world discussed by Tom Friedman?
The notions of freedom, order, equality and power in a group are precisely defined in terms of individual exertions of influence or power. Freedom is discussed in the translation of freedom from influence rather than in the form of freedom to do what one wants. It is shown that at the ideal conceptual level, complete freedom implies equality. In the situation whereby certain privileges are ascribed to certain members of the same society and others are denied the same, it will be very wrong to think equality and order can rule in such society. For example “the conceal and carry law, passed on may 28, 2003, established that local sheriff had to issue permits for anyone- other than those with felony records or declared mental ill- who requested to carry concealed firearms to work (unless the person’s employer explicitly restrict that right)”(pg. 371) is a gross violation of the right of those excluded from this privilege.
This decision did not provide for the welfare of all the people that can be directly or indirectly affected by the consequences of such law. Furthermore, the law empowers certain members’ o f the community to conceal and carry firearms and restrained people with felony record despite the fact that they have done their time for such offence in the past. Recent views of the quality of political systems focus on different aspects or dimensions expressed by terms like freedom, equality, solidarity, human rights and welfare.
The book also mentions the great contrast between 11/9 versus 9/11. In the first instance the creative imagination of 11/9 and the destructive imagination of 9/11. A person cannot perform materially impossible actions, whether she wants to do so or not. Additional to this first restraint, free will to do is further narrowed down by other people’s influence making materially possible actions impossible. Under this viewpoint, if the domains of material possibility depend on the level of welfare then the level of materially possible freedom, i.e. freedom that would prevail in the presence of freedom from influence, is higher in states with a higher level of welfare.
However, this distinction does not seem to be fruitful for in reality the `material' level and the level of influence are heavily dependent on each other. For instance, a rise of the level of welfare usually is accompanied by increased suffering of exertions of power so that the overall freedom `to do' of a person does not increase (or even decreases) when welfare does. Moreover, freedom `to do' allows for ideal, individualistic realization of freedom- I simply cut down my wants in order to become completely free (as the Hegelian slave). This shows that freedom `to do' is not well suited for discussions of essentially social matters like the comparison of political systems, and that freedom `from' is the right notion to be used in such contexts.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Harv Bishop
Political Science
09-29-05
The concept of freedom, order, equality and power playing out in the Flat world discussed by Tom Friedman?
The notions of freedom, order, equality and power in a group are precisely defined in terms of individual exertions of influence or power. Freedom is discussed in the translation of freedom from influence rather than in the form of freedom to do what one wants. It is shown that at the ideal conceptual level, complete freedom implies equality. In the situation whereby certain privileges are ascribed to certain members of the same society and others are denied the same, it will be very wrong to think equality and order can rule in such society. For example “the conceal and carry law, passed on may 28, 2003, established that local sheriff had to issue permits for anyone- other than those with felony records or declared mental ill- who requested to carry concealed firearms to work (unless the person’s employer explicitly restrict that right)”(pg. 371) is a gross violation of the right of those excluded from this privilege.
This decision did not provide for the welfare of all the people that can be directly or indirectly affected by the consequences of such law. Furthermore, the law empowers certain members’ o f the community to conceal and carry firearms and restrained people with felony record despite the fact that they have done their time for such offence in the past. Recent views of the quality of political systems focus on different aspects or dimensions expressed by terms like freedom, equality, solidarity, human rights and welfare.
The book also mentions the great contrast between 11/9 versus 9/11. In the first instance the creative imagination of 11/9 and the destructive imagination of 9/11. A person cannot perform materially impossible actions, whether she wants to do so or not. Additional to this first restraint, free will to do is further narrowed down by other people’s influence making materially possible actions impossible. Under this viewpoint, if the domains of material possibility depend on the level of welfare then the level of materially possible freedom, i.e. freedom that would prevail in the presence of freedom from influence, is higher in states with a higher level of welfare.
However, this distinction does not seem to be fruitful for in reality the `material' level and the level of influence are heavily dependent on each other. For instance, a rise of the level of welfare usually is accompanied by increased suffering of exertions of power so that the overall freedom `to do' of a person does not increase (or even decreases) when welfare does. Moreover, freedom `to do' allows for ideal, individualistic realization of freedom- I simply cut down my wants in order to become completely free (as the Hegelian slave). This shows that freedom `to do' is not well suited for discussions of essentially social matters like the comparison of political systems, and that freedom `from' is the right notion to be used in such contexts.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Summer Internship: Lion Financial Corporation
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Summer Internship FA 3939
Moyo Okediji
06-22-06
Summer Internship with Lion Financial Corporation
Lion Financial Corporation, located at 7706 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Denver is a mortgage institution that specializes in providing various financial services to their prospective clients. As a company with Independent Business Owners (IBO), they help their client to achieve financial independence by teaching them how to utilize their mortgage as a financial tool–transforming it from their greatest liability to their strongest asset.
The company’s main marketing strategy is focused toward the use of information technology, which includes internet marketing, live web casting of a variety of business and finance presentations, seminars and training.
As an intern in the multimedia department, my primary duty is to design corporate images (logo), websites, flyers, complimentary cards and other public relations / marketing materials. Furthermore, I am expected to work through and for the various IBOs within the company, by creating ideas that appeal to their interest, needs and budget.
Also, as a designer, I am responsible for supervising the production of various graphic design projects, which is often subject to constant changes during the process of production. In most cases, these changes are not necessary due to the my choice, but might be objectively determined by such factors as production cost, availability of required materials or techniques, a change in client’s core requirements, or discovery of key problems that were not obvious in the early stages of the project.
Furthermore, I have to work with other people with whom I have a contractual relationship. This is with the hope of reconciling various professionals involved in the production process at various stages. Such coordination includes sorting, ordering, and relating information.
In conclusion, I must be able to evaluate problems or opportunities, in a dispassionate way on individual terms and to select, arrange and dispose these decisions accordingly. Also, I must be able to strive on constraint and turn every opportunity to good account, spending at least half of the time working with graphic media of one sort or another during the final stages of the design.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Summer Internship FA 3939
Moyo Okediji
06-22-06
Summer Internship with Lion Financial Corporation
Lion Financial Corporation, located at 7706 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, Denver is a mortgage institution that specializes in providing various financial services to their prospective clients. As a company with Independent Business Owners (IBO), they help their client to achieve financial independence by teaching them how to utilize their mortgage as a financial tool–transforming it from their greatest liability to their strongest asset.
The company’s main marketing strategy is focused toward the use of information technology, which includes internet marketing, live web casting of a variety of business and finance presentations, seminars and training.
As an intern in the multimedia department, my primary duty is to design corporate images (logo), websites, flyers, complimentary cards and other public relations / marketing materials. Furthermore, I am expected to work through and for the various IBOs within the company, by creating ideas that appeal to their interest, needs and budget.
Also, as a designer, I am responsible for supervising the production of various graphic design projects, which is often subject to constant changes during the process of production. In most cases, these changes are not necessary due to the my choice, but might be objectively determined by such factors as production cost, availability of required materials or techniques, a change in client’s core requirements, or discovery of key problems that were not obvious in the early stages of the project.
Furthermore, I have to work with other people with whom I have a contractual relationship. This is with the hope of reconciling various professionals involved in the production process at various stages. Such coordination includes sorting, ordering, and relating information.
In conclusion, I must be able to evaluate problems or opportunities, in a dispassionate way on individual terms and to select, arrange and dispose these decisions accordingly. Also, I must be able to strive on constraint and turn every opportunity to good account, spending at least half of the time working with graphic media of one sort or another during the final stages of the design.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Specific Incident of Helping Behavior
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Social Psychology
10-29-05
Please share one specific incident of helping behavior you have engaged in that you consider to be altruistic helping. How might others see this incident as egoistic helping?
One specific incident of helping behavior in which I was involve in that could be considered altruistic, was an event that happened in 1989, while I was a college final year student, studying Fine Art.
I was invited for an interview with the occupational therapy department at the Lagos university teaching hospital and later introduced to Idowu Akinrolabu, a quadriplegic and asked if I could teach him how to paint with his mouth. I must confess that I was speechless, perplexed and disappointed, especially when I was informed that the patient could not pay the stipulated salary that I had previously requested.
However, I could not abandon the job simply on the ground of very poor salary, especially after listening to idowu's testimony, narrating the numbers of disappointment he had suffered from previous art teachers.
After all said and done, I accepted the job, not because I did not need the money but because my heart was filled with compassion and was touched by his predicament. I resolved within my heart to help him.
The relationship lasted for three years and he became more independent and influential within the country for his act of painting with his mouth.
Even though, I did not make money from Idowu immediately, Years later, I became famous within the country as the motivator and art teacher of the first mouth painting artist in the country and that really made me proud.
Although, many people might consider this act to have a hidden egoistic agenda, I totally disagree with such believes, It was simply out of a burden to help because it could happen to you or me.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Social Psychology
10-29-05
Please share one specific incident of helping behavior you have engaged in that you consider to be altruistic helping. How might others see this incident as egoistic helping?
One specific incident of helping behavior in which I was involve in that could be considered altruistic, was an event that happened in 1989, while I was a college final year student, studying Fine Art.
I was invited for an interview with the occupational therapy department at the Lagos university teaching hospital and later introduced to Idowu Akinrolabu, a quadriplegic and asked if I could teach him how to paint with his mouth. I must confess that I was speechless, perplexed and disappointed, especially when I was informed that the patient could not pay the stipulated salary that I had previously requested.
However, I could not abandon the job simply on the ground of very poor salary, especially after listening to idowu's testimony, narrating the numbers of disappointment he had suffered from previous art teachers.
After all said and done, I accepted the job, not because I did not need the money but because my heart was filled with compassion and was touched by his predicament. I resolved within my heart to help him.
The relationship lasted for three years and he became more independent and influential within the country for his act of painting with his mouth.
Even though, I did not make money from Idowu immediately, Years later, I became famous within the country as the motivator and art teacher of the first mouth painting artist in the country and that really made me proud.
Although, many people might consider this act to have a hidden egoistic agenda, I totally disagree with such believes, It was simply out of a burden to help because it could happen to you or me.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Where Does Human Interaction Begin?
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Designing For Human Experience
FA 3435
01-20-06
Where Does Human Interaction Begin?
According to The American Heritage Dictionary, interaction can be defined as “the act or process of interacting, or the state of undergoing interaction”. As such, human interaction can be better understood as a mutual or reciprocal action between two or more individuals thus creating physical or mental interactivity.
However, resent studies have proven that babies in the womb are alert, aware, and attentive to activities involving voice, touch, and music. Thus confirming that human interaction actually begins from the worm. Also, medical researches has proven that babies benefit from these activities by forming stronger relationships with their parents and their parents with them making for better attachments and better birthing experiences. However, these babies tend to show intelligent development of speech, fine and gross motor activity, better emotional self-regulation, and better cognitive processing.
Until the turn of the last century, medical scientist did not think fetus could have any significant interaction. This is largely due to the fact that they did not believe fetus could have a working mind. In retrospect, this false beliefs about the brain veiled the fact that babies in the uterine world were indeed having experiences, establishing patterns of interaction, listening to music and conversation (and as tests ultimately proved) were remembering them. Numerous experiments have made it clear that fetus who have the opportunity to hear stories and music repeated to them in uterus can demonstrate recognition for this material later. Fetus have become familiar with and show a preference for specific lullabies, musical theme like "Mary had a little Lamb," and theme music from popular TV soap operas.
Research has shown that fetus memorize the voices of their mothers and fathers in the womb, while learning the basic features of their native language, especially the "mother’s tongue”. Analysis of voice and cry sounds as early as 26 weeks of gestation shows how far babies of this age have already progressed in adopting the voice individuality of the mother.
In some recent experiment, mothers repeated children rhyme daily for four weeks from week 33 to 37 in uterus. Tested at 37 weeks while still inside, the babies reacted with a change of heartbeat to the familiar rhyme, but not to the unfamiliar rhyme. In other researches, babies have demonstrated immediately after birth a preference for their mother's voice and their native language. The womb turns out to be a stimulating place and is, in many ways, a school. In the last fifteen years as these facts were gradually becoming known, many books, tapes, and exercises were created to help parents understand and communicate with babies in the womb. All are potentially valuable in helping parents to make a creative and loving attachment (rather than an insensitive or aggressive one), a connection, which respects the needs of the baby’s naturally curious and interactivity. Moreover, one of the biggest surprises about life in the womb is the extent of emotional involvement and expression, none of which was anticipated in early psychology or medicine. The impulsiveness and gracefulness of movement from about 10 weeks after conception is a vehicle for self-expression including early aspects of self-control, expression of needs and interests, and of protest against painful experiences. By 15 weeks, ultrasound reveals babies moving in reaction to something as simple as a mother's laugh or cough.
Consequently, with bright development of hearing and tasting before 16 weeks gestational age, the way is open for extensive interaction with mothers and fathers during pregnancy. For example, ultrasound imaging of twins’ reveals totally unexpected social relations and expressions of feeling manifested by repeated hitting, kicking, or playing together.
In conclusion, as it is with the establishment of physical settings in utero, the emotional system is also organizing itself in relation to the types of interactions encountered. A baby surrounded with anger, fear, and anxiety will adjust itself to that world in response to the interaction it received while in the mother’s womb and carry those settings into life.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Designing For Human Experience
FA 3435
01-20-06
Where Does Human Interaction Begin?
According to The American Heritage Dictionary, interaction can be defined as “the act or process of interacting, or the state of undergoing interaction”. As such, human interaction can be better understood as a mutual or reciprocal action between two or more individuals thus creating physical or mental interactivity.
However, resent studies have proven that babies in the womb are alert, aware, and attentive to activities involving voice, touch, and music. Thus confirming that human interaction actually begins from the worm. Also, medical researches has proven that babies benefit from these activities by forming stronger relationships with their parents and their parents with them making for better attachments and better birthing experiences. However, these babies tend to show intelligent development of speech, fine and gross motor activity, better emotional self-regulation, and better cognitive processing.
Until the turn of the last century, medical scientist did not think fetus could have any significant interaction. This is largely due to the fact that they did not believe fetus could have a working mind. In retrospect, this false beliefs about the brain veiled the fact that babies in the uterine world were indeed having experiences, establishing patterns of interaction, listening to music and conversation (and as tests ultimately proved) were remembering them. Numerous experiments have made it clear that fetus who have the opportunity to hear stories and music repeated to them in uterus can demonstrate recognition for this material later. Fetus have become familiar with and show a preference for specific lullabies, musical theme like "Mary had a little Lamb," and theme music from popular TV soap operas.
Research has shown that fetus memorize the voices of their mothers and fathers in the womb, while learning the basic features of their native language, especially the "mother’s tongue”. Analysis of voice and cry sounds as early as 26 weeks of gestation shows how far babies of this age have already progressed in adopting the voice individuality of the mother.
In some recent experiment, mothers repeated children rhyme daily for four weeks from week 33 to 37 in uterus. Tested at 37 weeks while still inside, the babies reacted with a change of heartbeat to the familiar rhyme, but not to the unfamiliar rhyme. In other researches, babies have demonstrated immediately after birth a preference for their mother's voice and their native language. The womb turns out to be a stimulating place and is, in many ways, a school. In the last fifteen years as these facts were gradually becoming known, many books, tapes, and exercises were created to help parents understand and communicate with babies in the womb. All are potentially valuable in helping parents to make a creative and loving attachment (rather than an insensitive or aggressive one), a connection, which respects the needs of the baby’s naturally curious and interactivity. Moreover, one of the biggest surprises about life in the womb is the extent of emotional involvement and expression, none of which was anticipated in early psychology or medicine. The impulsiveness and gracefulness of movement from about 10 weeks after conception is a vehicle for self-expression including early aspects of self-control, expression of needs and interests, and of protest against painful experiences. By 15 weeks, ultrasound reveals babies moving in reaction to something as simple as a mother's laugh or cough.
Consequently, with bright development of hearing and tasting before 16 weeks gestational age, the way is open for extensive interaction with mothers and fathers during pregnancy. For example, ultrasound imaging of twins’ reveals totally unexpected social relations and expressions of feeling manifested by repeated hitting, kicking, or playing together.
In conclusion, as it is with the establishment of physical settings in utero, the emotional system is also organizing itself in relation to the types of interactions encountered. A baby surrounded with anger, fear, and anxiety will adjust itself to that world in response to the interaction it received while in the mother’s womb and carry those settings into life.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
The Rwandan Genocide
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
History 1382
Professor Sundberg
02-15-06
The Rwandan genocide
History has confirmed that the original inhabitant of the Rwanda lived in harmony amongst themselves before the arrival of the Europeans in 1894. According to the account of Linda Melvern - the author of the book “A People Betrayed, The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide”, the kingdom of Rwanda had been entirely shut off from the world, and even the African world, until 4 May 1894 when the first European, a German count, Gustav Adolf von Gotzen, was received at court by a king called Rwabugiri, who claimed that his dynasty stretched back hundreds of years (pg. 7).
Since then the definition of "Hutu" and "Tutsi" has changed over time. Mostly it has rather been a term created to distinguish between those in commanding and subordinate social positions. However, the Belgian government continued to rely on the Tutsi power structure for administering the country and also consistently favored the Tutsis where education was concerned, leading to a situation where many Tutsis were literate, while the majority of Hutus were not. Belgians educated the Tutsis mainly in Catholic schools, which widened the ethnic rift between Hutu and Tutsi.
Some scholars argue that the Belgians did much to create the enmity between Hutu and Tutsi through their policies of indirect rule. As mentioned above, Hutus and Tutsis lived together as neighbors before the colonial period. However, Belgian rule solidified the racial divide. The Belgians then gave political power to the Tutsis. Due to the eugenics movement in Europe and the United States, the colonial government became concerned with the differences between Hutu and Tutsi. Scientists arrived to measure skull and thus, they believed, brain size. Tutsi's skulls were bigger, they were taller, and their skin was lighter. As a result of this, Europeans came to believe that Tutsis had caucasian ancestry, and were thus "superior" to Hutus. Each citizen was issued a racial identification card, which defined one as legally Hutu or Tutsi. The Belgians gave the majority of political control to the Tutsis. Tutsis began to believe the myth of their superior racial status, and exploited their power over the Hutu majority. Current academic thought is that the European emphasis on racial division led to many of the difficulties between Hutu and Tutsi in the latter part of the 20th century.
However, there came a major change in the 1950s, when the Belgians grew uncomfortable observing the sad plight of the Hutus, and began to suppress and then eventually came to outlaw the Ubuhake and to redistribute cattle. Even though the majority of pasture lands remained under the control of the Tutsi, a situation arose where the Hutus began to feel yet a deeper sense of liberation from Tutsi rule; the Tutsis no longer seemed to be in control of cattle, the long-standing measure of a person's wealth and social position.
In addition, the Hutus began to develop a group consciousness as the Belgians instituted ethnic identity cards. Yet a further step was Belgium's system of electoral representation for Rwandans. At first, the Tutsis retained total control, and then Belgium decided to make the electoral process function by means of secret ballots. Therefore, Hutus made enormous gains within the country. The Catholic Church, too, began to make a change. Suddenly they too were opposed to Tutsi mistreatment of Hutus, and began promoting Hutu equality. Tutsis were about to be removed from their traditional role as masters in Rwanda.
During the 1995 revolt and its aftermath, more than 160,000 Tutsis fled to neighboring countries. These Hutus knew that because of the small numbers of the Tutsi opposition, they had the advantage: both in terms of how the state would function if it adopted a purely democratic system, and in terms of the probable outcome of any violent conflict between the two unequally sized groups. This revolution of 1959 marked a major change in political life in Rwanda. Some 150,000 Tutsis were exiled to neighboring countries. What's more, those Tutsis that remained in Rwanda were excluded from having any political power in a state becoming more and more centralized under Hutu power.
Under President Kayibanda, a system of quotas was also established. Henceforth, the Tutsis would be allowed only ten percent of school and university seats. The quotas also extended to the civil service. In these posts too, the Tutsis would only be allotted a 10% take.
At the time, employment was bad, and competition for the available seats only exacerbated ethnic tensions. The Kayibanda government also continued the government policy of labeling people with ethnic identity cards, a practice first begun by the Belgian colonial government, and using this practice to attack mixed marriages.
Another bout of violence followed in 1964, and for years a system of inequality was instituted. In fact, a Hutu could freely murder a Tutsi and would never be prosecuted. The other political parties UNAR and RADER were banned and their Tutsi members executed. Tutsi were described as cockroaches. Hundreds of thousands fled as refugees into neighboring countries.
Although no one really knew the exact moment when the conspirators first conceived the genocide, it was noted that the Hutu power regime used every accounting trick in the book to get enough money to pay for weapons. In fact, an experts who studied the paper trail conclude that to arm and equip the people of Rwanda cost $112 million dollars.
On April 6, 1994, the airplane carrying President Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, the President of Burundi was shot down as it prepared to land at Kigali. Both presidents were killed when the plane crashed. As though the shooting down was a signal, military and militia groups began rounding up and killing all Tutsis they could capture as well as political moderates irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds. Large numbers of opposition politicians were also murdered. Many nations evacuated all their nationals from Kigali and closed their embassies as violence escalated.
The prime minister and her ten Belgian bodyguards were among the first victims. The killing swiftly spread from Kigali to all corners of the country; between April 6 and the beginning of July, a genocide of unprecedented swiftness officially left 937,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead at the hands of organized bands of militia- Interahamwe. Even ordinary citizens were called on by local officials and government sponsored radio to kill their neighbors. This event accounted for the most horrible genocide ever recorded in the history of Africa.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
History 1382
Professor Sundberg
02-15-06
The Rwandan genocide
History has confirmed that the original inhabitant of the Rwanda lived in harmony amongst themselves before the arrival of the Europeans in 1894. According to the account of Linda Melvern - the author of the book “A People Betrayed, The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide”, the kingdom of Rwanda had been entirely shut off from the world, and even the African world, until 4 May 1894 when the first European, a German count, Gustav Adolf von Gotzen, was received at court by a king called Rwabugiri, who claimed that his dynasty stretched back hundreds of years (pg. 7).
Since then the definition of "Hutu" and "Tutsi" has changed over time. Mostly it has rather been a term created to distinguish between those in commanding and subordinate social positions. However, the Belgian government continued to rely on the Tutsi power structure for administering the country and also consistently favored the Tutsis where education was concerned, leading to a situation where many Tutsis were literate, while the majority of Hutus were not. Belgians educated the Tutsis mainly in Catholic schools, which widened the ethnic rift between Hutu and Tutsi.
Some scholars argue that the Belgians did much to create the enmity between Hutu and Tutsi through their policies of indirect rule. As mentioned above, Hutus and Tutsis lived together as neighbors before the colonial period. However, Belgian rule solidified the racial divide. The Belgians then gave political power to the Tutsis. Due to the eugenics movement in Europe and the United States, the colonial government became concerned with the differences between Hutu and Tutsi. Scientists arrived to measure skull and thus, they believed, brain size. Tutsi's skulls were bigger, they were taller, and their skin was lighter. As a result of this, Europeans came to believe that Tutsis had caucasian ancestry, and were thus "superior" to Hutus. Each citizen was issued a racial identification card, which defined one as legally Hutu or Tutsi. The Belgians gave the majority of political control to the Tutsis. Tutsis began to believe the myth of their superior racial status, and exploited their power over the Hutu majority. Current academic thought is that the European emphasis on racial division led to many of the difficulties between Hutu and Tutsi in the latter part of the 20th century.
However, there came a major change in the 1950s, when the Belgians grew uncomfortable observing the sad plight of the Hutus, and began to suppress and then eventually came to outlaw the Ubuhake and to redistribute cattle. Even though the majority of pasture lands remained under the control of the Tutsi, a situation arose where the Hutus began to feel yet a deeper sense of liberation from Tutsi rule; the Tutsis no longer seemed to be in control of cattle, the long-standing measure of a person's wealth and social position.
In addition, the Hutus began to develop a group consciousness as the Belgians instituted ethnic identity cards. Yet a further step was Belgium's system of electoral representation for Rwandans. At first, the Tutsis retained total control, and then Belgium decided to make the electoral process function by means of secret ballots. Therefore, Hutus made enormous gains within the country. The Catholic Church, too, began to make a change. Suddenly they too were opposed to Tutsi mistreatment of Hutus, and began promoting Hutu equality. Tutsis were about to be removed from their traditional role as masters in Rwanda.
During the 1995 revolt and its aftermath, more than 160,000 Tutsis fled to neighboring countries. These Hutus knew that because of the small numbers of the Tutsi opposition, they had the advantage: both in terms of how the state would function if it adopted a purely democratic system, and in terms of the probable outcome of any violent conflict between the two unequally sized groups. This revolution of 1959 marked a major change in political life in Rwanda. Some 150,000 Tutsis were exiled to neighboring countries. What's more, those Tutsis that remained in Rwanda were excluded from having any political power in a state becoming more and more centralized under Hutu power.
Under President Kayibanda, a system of quotas was also established. Henceforth, the Tutsis would be allowed only ten percent of school and university seats. The quotas also extended to the civil service. In these posts too, the Tutsis would only be allotted a 10% take.
At the time, employment was bad, and competition for the available seats only exacerbated ethnic tensions. The Kayibanda government also continued the government policy of labeling people with ethnic identity cards, a practice first begun by the Belgian colonial government, and using this practice to attack mixed marriages.
Another bout of violence followed in 1964, and for years a system of inequality was instituted. In fact, a Hutu could freely murder a Tutsi and would never be prosecuted. The other political parties UNAR and RADER were banned and their Tutsi members executed. Tutsi were described as cockroaches. Hundreds of thousands fled as refugees into neighboring countries.
Although no one really knew the exact moment when the conspirators first conceived the genocide, it was noted that the Hutu power regime used every accounting trick in the book to get enough money to pay for weapons. In fact, an experts who studied the paper trail conclude that to arm and equip the people of Rwanda cost $112 million dollars.
On April 6, 1994, the airplane carrying President Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira, the President of Burundi was shot down as it prepared to land at Kigali. Both presidents were killed when the plane crashed. As though the shooting down was a signal, military and militia groups began rounding up and killing all Tutsis they could capture as well as political moderates irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds. Large numbers of opposition politicians were also murdered. Many nations evacuated all their nationals from Kigali and closed their embassies as violence escalated.
The prime minister and her ten Belgian bodyguards were among the first victims. The killing swiftly spread from Kigali to all corners of the country; between April 6 and the beginning of July, a genocide of unprecedented swiftness officially left 937,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus dead at the hands of organized bands of militia- Interahamwe. Even ordinary citizens were called on by local officials and government sponsored radio to kill their neighbors. This event accounted for the most horrible genocide ever recorded in the history of Africa.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
GENDER ROLE
GENDER ROLE
Childhood socialization can be defined as the process of children learning the shared meaning of the groups in which they are reared from birth to adolescence.
Thus, early childhood socialization can be said to be greatly responsible for shaping and reinforcing traditional gender roles in the lives of children within the society. These gender roles are depicted in our society through historical, cultural and political activities and the development starts from the period of childbirth to adolescence. For example, in a typical African society, the expectations of a boy child are different from that of a girl child and these roles have been neatly woven into the culture, history and political lives of the people. The boys are taught to be tough, strong, masculine and courageous and if possible go to farm and hunt for wild animals with their father; while girls are expected to be tender, gentle, feminine, caring, loving and supportive, these girls are expected to spend more time with their mother in the kitchen learn to cook and keeping home in good shape.
In considering development through childhood, it will be interesting to analyze the three primary agents of socialization: family, peers, school and how they help to reinforce traditional gender roles among children within the society.
Family:
The family is the first source of contact that a child has to interact with within the society and with the help of a well-developed sensory organ, (eyes, nose, ears, mouth and skin) a child can express their feelings and emotion to others within the same environment. According to the book- social psychology, by H. Andrew Michener, John D. Delamater, Daniel J. Myers “The adult learns how to care effectively for the infant, and the infant forms a strong emotional attachment to the caregiver” (pg. 55). However, in other to provide a solid foundation of the infant’s sense of self, it is crucial that an intimate emotional relationship between infant and caregiver (mostly father and mother) be established in other to encourage a healthy personal physical and emotional development. During this developmental stage, a child learns to trust the caregiver and response to touch and emotions. For example children are drawn more to their father when they need to play horse ride or rough-and-tumble play and they rely more on their mother for food when they are hungry.
Peers:
Having developed the first sense of self with the help of the family and immediate caregiver, a child begins to rely more on his or her peers as an important socializing agent in life. This second agent (peers) is viewed from a different perspective from the first (family). According to the book, “the family consists of persons who differ in status or power, whereas the peer group is composed of status equals” (pg. 59). The peer group offers a child the first experience in express authority over personal belongings such as toys and choice over others that they relate to. For example my little 2-year-old boy (Gideon) will like to tell his peers that certain toys belong to him by emphasizing the word “My Toy” and he is willing to share it with certain people he refers as “My friend”.
Peers are very important to childhood socialization because children always want to be recognized and accepted by their peer group. Thus boys play football (soccer) together and girls play with their dolls together. In this setting it is important that you follows the rules within your group otherwise you could be ridiculed and treated as outcast.
School:
The school setting as an agent of childhood socialization is intentionally designed to socialize children. In this setting there is a shape distinction difference between the teacher and the students. According to the book, “school is the child’s first experience with formal and public evaluation of performance” (pg. 61). In this setting each child’s work and behavior is evaluated by the teacher using the same standards with the judgment made public to the other members of the class and their respective parents alike thus, helping to socialize the students. Furthermore, each child can judge his or her performance relative to others, this socialization agent confirms what is right and what is wrong behavior for a child within the society. For example, student that fail to do their home work are tagged as lazy student while those that did their home works are rewarded with good grades.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Childhood socialization can be defined as the process of children learning the shared meaning of the groups in which they are reared from birth to adolescence.
Thus, early childhood socialization can be said to be greatly responsible for shaping and reinforcing traditional gender roles in the lives of children within the society. These gender roles are depicted in our society through historical, cultural and political activities and the development starts from the period of childbirth to adolescence. For example, in a typical African society, the expectations of a boy child are different from that of a girl child and these roles have been neatly woven into the culture, history and political lives of the people. The boys are taught to be tough, strong, masculine and courageous and if possible go to farm and hunt for wild animals with their father; while girls are expected to be tender, gentle, feminine, caring, loving and supportive, these girls are expected to spend more time with their mother in the kitchen learn to cook and keeping home in good shape.
In considering development through childhood, it will be interesting to analyze the three primary agents of socialization: family, peers, school and how they help to reinforce traditional gender roles among children within the society.
Family:
The family is the first source of contact that a child has to interact with within the society and with the help of a well-developed sensory organ, (eyes, nose, ears, mouth and skin) a child can express their feelings and emotion to others within the same environment. According to the book- social psychology, by H. Andrew Michener, John D. Delamater, Daniel J. Myers “The adult learns how to care effectively for the infant, and the infant forms a strong emotional attachment to the caregiver” (pg. 55). However, in other to provide a solid foundation of the infant’s sense of self, it is crucial that an intimate emotional relationship between infant and caregiver (mostly father and mother) be established in other to encourage a healthy personal physical and emotional development. During this developmental stage, a child learns to trust the caregiver and response to touch and emotions. For example children are drawn more to their father when they need to play horse ride or rough-and-tumble play and they rely more on their mother for food when they are hungry.
Peers:
Having developed the first sense of self with the help of the family and immediate caregiver, a child begins to rely more on his or her peers as an important socializing agent in life. This second agent (peers) is viewed from a different perspective from the first (family). According to the book, “the family consists of persons who differ in status or power, whereas the peer group is composed of status equals” (pg. 59). The peer group offers a child the first experience in express authority over personal belongings such as toys and choice over others that they relate to. For example my little 2-year-old boy (Gideon) will like to tell his peers that certain toys belong to him by emphasizing the word “My Toy” and he is willing to share it with certain people he refers as “My friend”.
Peers are very important to childhood socialization because children always want to be recognized and accepted by their peer group. Thus boys play football (soccer) together and girls play with their dolls together. In this setting it is important that you follows the rules within your group otherwise you could be ridiculed and treated as outcast.
School:
The school setting as an agent of childhood socialization is intentionally designed to socialize children. In this setting there is a shape distinction difference between the teacher and the students. According to the book, “school is the child’s first experience with formal and public evaluation of performance” (pg. 61). In this setting each child’s work and behavior is evaluated by the teacher using the same standards with the judgment made public to the other members of the class and their respective parents alike thus, helping to socialize the students. Furthermore, each child can judge his or her performance relative to others, this socialization agent confirms what is right and what is wrong behavior for a child within the society. For example, student that fail to do their home work are tagged as lazy student while those that did their home works are rewarded with good grades.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Design Narrative
Ade Kukoyi
Hoang Dang
Kimbely Davis
Design Narrative
Our project will be based on the narrative concept of “Jack and Jill went up the hill. It will be narrated from three different perspectives. From Jill and Jack perspective it will be in first person’s point of view. From the people’s perspective, it will be in third perspective. Lastly, from the Grandma storyteller, told in third perspective, where she tells the story back to kids and people.
The interface will be static with three main narrators or navigation buttons to choose from. These three buttons navigate the viewer to three different narrative experience of the same story. The first story will be from Jack and Jill perspective, clicking on their button will bring you to their story, told in first perspective. The button will be the people of Egypt, clicking on this button will bring you to the people perspective. The last button will be the Grandma, clicking on her will bring you to the grandma’s story from a neutral perspective. There will be interactive material within each story line at different level of the narrative. At the end of each scenario, there will be a button that returns the user back to the main interface.
People’s perspective
Script for Flash
The people are revolting against the king and queen.
The king and queen of Egypt, also known as Jack and Jill have embezzled the money of the country. They are corrupted officials.
The country is very poor and has no money; the kids and people are starving in the streets.
The country wants a new leader, so they can live a better life and have food to eat.
The people march to the castle and capture the king and queen.
They escaped and run for their lives.
The people chanted repeatedly, “down with their heads!!”
Jack and Jill runs up the hill.
The people captured Jack and Jill at the top of the hill.
Button option to choose between scenarios
Option 1
Capture Jack and Jill, release?
Release Jack and Jill country still suffers.
Option
Chop Jack and Jill head off, Jack and Jill head is chop off the guillotine and it rolls down the hill. The people are happy and cheering.
Grandma’s Perspective (Modified and adapted for children books)
Script for Flash
Once upon a time there lived a king and his lovely wife. They both rule over the land of Egypt, which was rich and blessed with all the precious things of life.
The king was so wealthy that he did not know what to do with all his riches.
One day he decided to build a mighty palace for his wife and himself. The ground will be paved with gold and all kind of precious stones and the entire footpath will be lined with beautiful flowers! he boosted.
At first, the people were so happy with him because they also have so much to eat and drink but they forgot to save part of their personal riches for the rainy day.
Regrettably, there was a great famine in the land and most of the people started starving to death. They expected the king to share part of his personal asset with the people in order to help the poor and needy.
Unfortunately, the king refuses to share his wealth to save his people. The people concluded that he was a wicked king that was not sensitive to the need of his people and they plotted to kill him and his entire family.
The rage was so great and the people skillfully planned a plot to get rid of the king. More so, all the king's advisers distanced themselves from him and rather supported the people in their plot to dethrone the king.
Although the king had so many riches that he could have shared his wealth with his people, he believed they could also have saved some of their own resources for the rainy day.
However, some of the people that saved part of their resources during the time of plenty agreed with the king’s hash decision mainly because they were also profiting from the situation by selling food to the poor at inconceivable prices.
The great division between the people and their king led to a civil unrest and anarchy in the state for many years.
Jack and Jill’s Perspective
Script for Flash
Jack and Jill were playing out and about in the enchanted forest (located in the heart of Egypt) without a care in the world. They twirl, twist, pick flowers for one another, and whisper sweet nothings tenderly into each another’s ear.
Gradually they find gold coins parched in the flowers that they have picked and become rich lovers who have obtained a lavish life.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Hoang Dang
Kimbely Davis
Design Narrative
Our project will be based on the narrative concept of “Jack and Jill went up the hill. It will be narrated from three different perspectives. From Jill and Jack perspective it will be in first person’s point of view. From the people’s perspective, it will be in third perspective. Lastly, from the Grandma storyteller, told in third perspective, where she tells the story back to kids and people.
The interface will be static with three main narrators or navigation buttons to choose from. These three buttons navigate the viewer to three different narrative experience of the same story. The first story will be from Jack and Jill perspective, clicking on their button will bring you to their story, told in first perspective. The button will be the people of Egypt, clicking on this button will bring you to the people perspective. The last button will be the Grandma, clicking on her will bring you to the grandma’s story from a neutral perspective. There will be interactive material within each story line at different level of the narrative. At the end of each scenario, there will be a button that returns the user back to the main interface.
People’s perspective
Script for Flash
The people are revolting against the king and queen.
The king and queen of Egypt, also known as Jack and Jill have embezzled the money of the country. They are corrupted officials.
The country is very poor and has no money; the kids and people are starving in the streets.
The country wants a new leader, so they can live a better life and have food to eat.
The people march to the castle and capture the king and queen.
They escaped and run for their lives.
The people chanted repeatedly, “down with their heads!!”
Jack and Jill runs up the hill.
The people captured Jack and Jill at the top of the hill.
Button option to choose between scenarios
Option 1
Capture Jack and Jill, release?
Release Jack and Jill country still suffers.
Option
Chop Jack and Jill head off, Jack and Jill head is chop off the guillotine and it rolls down the hill. The people are happy and cheering.
Grandma’s Perspective (Modified and adapted for children books)
Script for Flash
Once upon a time there lived a king and his lovely wife. They both rule over the land of Egypt, which was rich and blessed with all the precious things of life.
The king was so wealthy that he did not know what to do with all his riches.
One day he decided to build a mighty palace for his wife and himself. The ground will be paved with gold and all kind of precious stones and the entire footpath will be lined with beautiful flowers! he boosted.
At first, the people were so happy with him because they also have so much to eat and drink but they forgot to save part of their personal riches for the rainy day.
Regrettably, there was a great famine in the land and most of the people started starving to death. They expected the king to share part of his personal asset with the people in order to help the poor and needy.
Unfortunately, the king refuses to share his wealth to save his people. The people concluded that he was a wicked king that was not sensitive to the need of his people and they plotted to kill him and his entire family.
The rage was so great and the people skillfully planned a plot to get rid of the king. More so, all the king's advisers distanced themselves from him and rather supported the people in their plot to dethrone the king.
Although the king had so many riches that he could have shared his wealth with his people, he believed they could also have saved some of their own resources for the rainy day.
However, some of the people that saved part of their resources during the time of plenty agreed with the king’s hash decision mainly because they were also profiting from the situation by selling food to the poor at inconceivable prices.
The great division between the people and their king led to a civil unrest and anarchy in the state for many years.
Jack and Jill’s Perspective
Script for Flash
Jack and Jill were playing out and about in the enchanted forest (located in the heart of Egypt) without a care in the world. They twirl, twist, pick flowers for one another, and whisper sweet nothings tenderly into each another’s ear.
Gradually they find gold coins parched in the flowers that they have picked and become rich lovers who have obtained a lavish life.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
The Flat World and my Chosen Career
Kukoyi 1
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Harv Bishop
Introduction to Political Science
October 13, 2005
The Flat World and my Chosen Career
The concept of ‘the world is flat” by Thomas Friedman can best be understood with a proper understanding of the idea behind globalization, free trade and the power of computer technology in the twenty first century. This idea is made more clearly with the demise of the cold war era and other socio-political myth/ideas that impair free market economy, technology transfer and the integration of socio-political and economic ideas among nations across the globe. According to the author, “The triple convergence is not only going to affect how individuals prepare themselves for work, how companies compete, and how countries organize their economies and geopolitics. Over time, it is going to reshape political identities, recast political parties, and redefine who is a political actor.” (Pg.201).
Looking at the notion of a flat world in about fifty years ago might be perceived as a mirage if we take into consideration the socio-political might and economic achievements of the United States of America (economic/ political giant) compared with other nations over the past centuries, especially in the area of science and technological advancement. Consequently, this believe has been proven to be inaccurate especially with reference to the collapse of major economic and political blocks across the globe (e.g. Soviet Union Republic and Germany). Also the dynamic pursuit of technological advancement throughout the world especially in countries such as China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Malaysia, Japan, South Africa, Taiwan, South Korea etc. has made it possible to break new grounds and explore new opportunities for doing business with remote part of the world at a the most low-cost efficient market and sell in the most lucrative market.
According to the author, “In some of those buildings, infosys employers are writing specific software programs for Americans and European countries; in others they are running the back rooms of major American and European based multinationals. Everything from computer maintenance to specific research projects to answering customer calls routed there from all over the world” (pg.5).
As a multimedia major, I perceive a career in multimedia/web design is expected to play a vital role in the future of the world economy. Considering the fact stated by the author, “when Bill Clinton was elected president in 1992, virtually no one outside of government and the academy had e-mail” (pg.10). In the year 2000, the world entered a new era dominated by rapid growth in Internet usage and e-commerce at the same time shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny and flattening the playing field at the same time. It provides me the opportunity to compete globally and collaborate with others through my country creating an opportunity for a bigger creative market in the advertising and media world. This is largely because multimedia is expected to be the vehicle through which creative and dynamic ideas will be conceived, communicated, shared and transported by great minds across the globe. This has been made possible and much easier due to the compatibility of most of the major computer software and operating system across the board.
According to the author, “the lever that is enabling individual and groups to go global so easily and so seamlessly is not horsepower, and not hardware, but software- all sorts of new applications- in conjunction with the creation of a global fiber-optic network that has made us all next-door neighbors” (pg.10).
Some of the anticipated problem to address in the future will be in the area of the value of the currency in different nations and how this various value will affect business transaction and inflation across the globe in world economy. But this issue has been receiving attention in some countries in Europe with the introduction of a single currency- Euro. Another interesting issue is the fact that only Americans who are willing to diversify, migrate if necessary and integrate with other people from diverse cultural / geopolitical background will strive in an economy dictated by a flat world.
The challenges of the flat world demands major personal and corporate commitment of scientific and technical manpower, innovative ideas and personal human service skills to survive. According to the text, “When it comes to the challenges of the flat world there is no help line we can call. We have to dig into ourselves” (pg.278).
As a multimedia expert, the major advantage that the flat world offers me will be in the flexibility of time and accessibility to universal location at any given time. I can pretty much carry out business from any part of the world, at any time of the day and with any individual or corporate institution across the globe without much barrier, as long as I am creative, flexible, and dynamic with innovative ideas. It is important to note that globalization and free market in a flat world has increase the purchasing power of individuals and small businesses and also increasing the chances of a bigger market for the production of goods and services across the globe.
Another special feature that a flat world offers multimedia is that the over-head cost and production turnover in multimedia production is not as high compared to some industries such as engineering and medicine. I believe this will ultimately lead to new potential market, horizontal collaboration, connection over vertical command and control and a more creative pool of ideas from diverse socio-geopolitical background around the world.
On the other hand, I strongly believe that Friedman’s compassionate flatism and other solutions can help sustain the American people and its economy from the fear and potential pitfall of the Flat World. This is because the great American spirit that encourages victory amidst adversity has always been the strength of the American society. The need for to meet the challenges of flatism will require as comprehensive, energetic, and focused a response from individual and government institutions similar to the challenges of the communism. According to the author, “it requires our own version of the new frontier and great society adapted to the age of flatism” (pg.277).
In conclusion, I am of the strong opinion that the unfortunate event of September 11 was a by-product of “the flat world” which has made every country even the United States of America vulnerable to socio-political and economic attacks by any nation or group of individuals. However, one must not overlook the strength and unity of purpose of the American people, which was re-awakened after this unfortunate tragedy. This is very similar to the clarion call made by the late President J F Kennedy during the cold war era wherein he called for “urgent national needs”. In recent times most Americans are willing to compromise their personal freedom for the sake of the nation’s security, which is a welcome decision.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Harv Bishop
Introduction to Political Science
October 13, 2005
The Flat World and my Chosen Career
The concept of ‘the world is flat” by Thomas Friedman can best be understood with a proper understanding of the idea behind globalization, free trade and the power of computer technology in the twenty first century. This idea is made more clearly with the demise of the cold war era and other socio-political myth/ideas that impair free market economy, technology transfer and the integration of socio-political and economic ideas among nations across the globe. According to the author, “The triple convergence is not only going to affect how individuals prepare themselves for work, how companies compete, and how countries organize their economies and geopolitics. Over time, it is going to reshape political identities, recast political parties, and redefine who is a political actor.” (Pg.201).
Looking at the notion of a flat world in about fifty years ago might be perceived as a mirage if we take into consideration the socio-political might and economic achievements of the United States of America (economic/ political giant) compared with other nations over the past centuries, especially in the area of science and technological advancement. Consequently, this believe has been proven to be inaccurate especially with reference to the collapse of major economic and political blocks across the globe (e.g. Soviet Union Republic and Germany). Also the dynamic pursuit of technological advancement throughout the world especially in countries such as China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, Malaysia, Japan, South Africa, Taiwan, South Korea etc. has made it possible to break new grounds and explore new opportunities for doing business with remote part of the world at a the most low-cost efficient market and sell in the most lucrative market.
According to the author, “In some of those buildings, infosys employers are writing specific software programs for Americans and European countries; in others they are running the back rooms of major American and European based multinationals. Everything from computer maintenance to specific research projects to answering customer calls routed there from all over the world” (pg.5).
As a multimedia major, I perceive a career in multimedia/web design is expected to play a vital role in the future of the world economy. Considering the fact stated by the author, “when Bill Clinton was elected president in 1992, virtually no one outside of government and the academy had e-mail” (pg.10). In the year 2000, the world entered a new era dominated by rapid growth in Internet usage and e-commerce at the same time shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny and flattening the playing field at the same time. It provides me the opportunity to compete globally and collaborate with others through my country creating an opportunity for a bigger creative market in the advertising and media world. This is largely because multimedia is expected to be the vehicle through which creative and dynamic ideas will be conceived, communicated, shared and transported by great minds across the globe. This has been made possible and much easier due to the compatibility of most of the major computer software and operating system across the board.
According to the author, “the lever that is enabling individual and groups to go global so easily and so seamlessly is not horsepower, and not hardware, but software- all sorts of new applications- in conjunction with the creation of a global fiber-optic network that has made us all next-door neighbors” (pg.10).
Some of the anticipated problem to address in the future will be in the area of the value of the currency in different nations and how this various value will affect business transaction and inflation across the globe in world economy. But this issue has been receiving attention in some countries in Europe with the introduction of a single currency- Euro. Another interesting issue is the fact that only Americans who are willing to diversify, migrate if necessary and integrate with other people from diverse cultural / geopolitical background will strive in an economy dictated by a flat world.
The challenges of the flat world demands major personal and corporate commitment of scientific and technical manpower, innovative ideas and personal human service skills to survive. According to the text, “When it comes to the challenges of the flat world there is no help line we can call. We have to dig into ourselves” (pg.278).
As a multimedia expert, the major advantage that the flat world offers me will be in the flexibility of time and accessibility to universal location at any given time. I can pretty much carry out business from any part of the world, at any time of the day and with any individual or corporate institution across the globe without much barrier, as long as I am creative, flexible, and dynamic with innovative ideas. It is important to note that globalization and free market in a flat world has increase the purchasing power of individuals and small businesses and also increasing the chances of a bigger market for the production of goods and services across the globe.
Another special feature that a flat world offers multimedia is that the over-head cost and production turnover in multimedia production is not as high compared to some industries such as engineering and medicine. I believe this will ultimately lead to new potential market, horizontal collaboration, connection over vertical command and control and a more creative pool of ideas from diverse socio-geopolitical background around the world.
On the other hand, I strongly believe that Friedman’s compassionate flatism and other solutions can help sustain the American people and its economy from the fear and potential pitfall of the Flat World. This is because the great American spirit that encourages victory amidst adversity has always been the strength of the American society. The need for to meet the challenges of flatism will require as comprehensive, energetic, and focused a response from individual and government institutions similar to the challenges of the communism. According to the author, “it requires our own version of the new frontier and great society adapted to the age of flatism” (pg.277).
In conclusion, I am of the strong opinion that the unfortunate event of September 11 was a by-product of “the flat world” which has made every country even the United States of America vulnerable to socio-political and economic attacks by any nation or group of individuals. However, one must not overlook the strength and unity of purpose of the American people, which was re-awakened after this unfortunate tragedy. This is very similar to the clarion call made by the late President J F Kennedy during the cold war era wherein he called for “urgent national needs”. In recent times most Americans are willing to compromise their personal freedom for the sake of the nation’s security, which is a welcome decision.
Author's Contact: http://kukisart.com
Journey To Iraq: The Freedom and Justice Way
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Andrea Modica
English 2030-001
June 14, 2005
Compare/Contrast Essay
Journey To Iraq: The Freedom and Justice Way
While there has been serious condemnation within the United States and around the world, concerning America’s invasion of Iraq on March 20, 2003, some strongly believe it is the basic duty of the American government to defend its citizens against any form of external attack. This though, has constantly divided the country since then and many are asking the million dollar question: “If we had to do it all again, will we have done the same thing”?
Charles Krauthammer finds reason for optimism in this "unipolar moment," contending, "We are not just any hegemony. We run a uniquely benign imperium" (Weekly Standard, June 4, 2001). The Project for the New American Century, a public policy group whose supporters include Donald Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney, and Paul Wolfowitz, maintains that America's extraordinary and unparalleled power is best used "preserving and extending an international order friendly to our security, our prosperity, and our principles" (mission statement, www.newamericancentury.org). President George W. Bush reminded last year's graduating class at West Point that "the 20th century ended with a single surviving model of human progress." And, he added, "the people of the
Islamic nations want and deserve the same freedom and opportunities as people in every nation" (June 1, 2002, www.whitehouse.gov).
Michael Moore’s documentary film titled Fahrenheit 9/11 confirms the fact that there are other reasons why the present regime favored war against Iraq. In his film, he showed evidence that the Bush administration had oil and gas deals with Saudi and Afghanistan government. Furthermore, was interested in diverting the attention of the American people from the economic crisis at the time. "The framework agreement defines legal mechanisms for setting up a consortium to build and operate the long-delayed US$3.2-billion natural gas pipeline, known as the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline, which would carry gas from energy-rich Turkmenistan to Pakistan. It would be one of the first major investment projects in Afghanistan in decades." Baglia Bukharbayeva "Pakistani, Turkmen, Afghan Leaders Sign US$3.2 Billion Pipeline Deal," Associated Press, December 27, 2002.
Throughout the 1980s, Iraq was a valued ally of the United States. In 1983, National Security Decision Directive 114 authorized the sharing of military intelligence with Iraq as well as arms sales through Chile and the shipment of dozens of biological agents including anthrax and dual use insecticides. This was necessary at the time, officials said. Iraq was the sworn enemy of America's enemy, Iran. (http://www.usip.org) “Questions have been raised about whether the United States not only ignored foreign arms shipments to Iraq, but actually encouraged or even arranged them. A former National Security Council official, Howard Teicher, said in a 1995 court affidavit that the CIA made sure Iraq received weapons from non-U.S. manufacturers.” Ken Guggenheim,
“War Crimes Trial for Saddam Could Reveal Details of Past U.S. Help,” Associated Press, January 24, 2004.
The lasting hope that Baghdad would become less oppressive and more responsible did not materialize. Ironically, Iran now shows more promise for reform than Iraq. The seductions of privilege and absolute control that accompany occupations may make it difficult to rule Iraq without hubris—but it is essential that the United States make the effort. Arrogance will almost certainly prove disastrous. Every gesture will carry political significance especially in an environment where international legitimacy for occupation is in short supply.
The inexplicable relationship between the Iraq government, Russian and France has revealed that Saddam is attempting to possess nuclear capabilities. On several occasions, the United Nations had confirmed that Iraq had been gathering a number of nuclear scientists in efforts to develop weapons, and if he could obtained enough uranium, he could have a bomb in a matter of months or even weeks. Furthermore, the Iraqi government kicked out U.N. weapons inspectors a number of times and even defied the United Nations once again when they said that they would comply. Why else would they do this except to hide their weapons of mass destruction?
Despite all the claims of the presidency, the CIA has steadfastly maintained that there was absolutely no evidence of any direct threat to the U.S. from Saddam. The Iraqi government had never attacked the United State targets except in response to the America’s attacks. Saddam’s regime tried desperately to avoid invasion that he knew could remove him from power and bring his quality of life to an end. Obviously, Saddam was a bully, a cruel and evil dictator who brought danger to his people and his neighbors, but he was no threat whatsoever to the United States.
It is widely believed that, Saddam Hussein is not a stable world leader. If you disagree, perhaps you should look at his record: using biological and chemical weapons on his own people, assassinating his relatives to prevent competition and his previous attempt to take over Kuwait. It seems pretty clear that he has a hostile, self-interested personality that is not bounded by any kind of human rights policy.
On the other hand, the Bush administration’s policy, that we have the right of "preemptive self defense," is not only absurd, but also a dangerous precedent that will destabilize international tensions. Internationally, a "preemptive first strike" gives terrorists and bullies the perfect excuse to invade their neighbors.
The Bush administration complained that Saddam was in violation of U.N. resolutions, including 1441 and others. In as much as this may be a fact, it is a matter for the United Nations to enforce as an international body. The United Nations, in its charter and many other resolutions, also forbids individual nations from initiating first strikes against other nations. If the U.S. disregards these provisions of the charter and other resolutions, we are in far more flagrant violation of United Nations authority just as Iraq. We threatened to invade another nation that bore us no direct threat. We threatened to do exactly the same thing to Iraq that Iraq did to Kuwait. If carrying out these threats, we became the rogue state, and we should expect the United Nations to take sanctions against United States. Perhaps the United Nations will demand that we remove our nuclear, biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction.
The decision to attack Iraq and rid Saddam Hussein of his hold on power and the weapons he may possess, while successfully reconstructing and restoring authority to the Iraqi people was certainly a plus to democracy. Healthy and effective post-conflict initiatives will stabilize the region, empower Iraqi moderates to capture the national imagination, and allow the United States to bank on success to contain tensions and influence other developments in the Middle East and around the world.
On the other hand, failure to successfully secure a post-Saddam Iraq will not only reverse such advantages, it may lead to the collapse of the Iraqi state, the rise of another despot, or crippling economic uncertainty with global implications. Ultimately, post-war chaos and long-term disorder in Iraq may prove more destructive to human life, regional stability, and national interest than any attempt to oust Saddam Hussein’s government.
In conclusion, the accomplishments of an intervention, particularly one that is unilateral, could easily be subverted by losing the peace. American credibility is on the line. The United States has the resources and the expertise to win the war, but it almost certainly lacks the political will to successfully endure a post-war, multi-year marathon to rebuild Iraq alone. If the United States chooses war, it must summon the will to enlist significant allies, to attain international legitimacy, and to overcome an inherent aversion to nation building. If not, it should forgo war and pursue other means to resolve the crisis. Successful post-conflict reconstruction does not begin "the day after." It begins "the day before."
1. http://www.usip.org
2. www.newamericancentury.org
3. June 1, 2002, www.whitehouse.gov
4. Weekly Standard, June 4, 2001
5. Associated Press, December 27, 2002
5. Michael Moore’s documentary film titled Fahrenheit 9/11
Andrea Modica
English 2030-001
June 14, 2005
Compare/Contrast Essay
Journey To Iraq: The Freedom and Justice Way
While there has been serious condemnation within the United States and around the world, concerning America’s invasion of Iraq on March 20, 2003, some strongly believe it is the basic duty of the American government to defend its citizens against any form of external attack. This though, has constantly divided the country since then and many are asking the million dollar question: “If we had to do it all again, will we have done the same thing”?
Charles Krauthammer finds reason for optimism in this "unipolar moment," contending, "We are not just any hegemony. We run a uniquely benign imperium" (Weekly Standard, June 4, 2001). The Project for the New American Century, a public policy group whose supporters include Donald Rumsfeld, Dick Cheney, and Paul Wolfowitz, maintains that America's extraordinary and unparalleled power is best used "preserving and extending an international order friendly to our security, our prosperity, and our principles" (mission statement, www.newamericancentury.org). President George W. Bush reminded last year's graduating class at West Point that "the 20th century ended with a single surviving model of human progress." And, he added, "the people of the
Islamic nations want and deserve the same freedom and opportunities as people in every nation" (June 1, 2002, www.whitehouse.gov).
Michael Moore’s documentary film titled Fahrenheit 9/11 confirms the fact that there are other reasons why the present regime favored war against Iraq. In his film, he showed evidence that the Bush administration had oil and gas deals with Saudi and Afghanistan government. Furthermore, was interested in diverting the attention of the American people from the economic crisis at the time. "The framework agreement defines legal mechanisms for setting up a consortium to build and operate the long-delayed US$3.2-billion natural gas pipeline, known as the Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline, which would carry gas from energy-rich Turkmenistan to Pakistan. It would be one of the first major investment projects in Afghanistan in decades." Baglia Bukharbayeva "Pakistani, Turkmen, Afghan Leaders Sign US$3.2 Billion Pipeline Deal," Associated Press, December 27, 2002.
Throughout the 1980s, Iraq was a valued ally of the United States. In 1983, National Security Decision Directive 114 authorized the sharing of military intelligence with Iraq as well as arms sales through Chile and the shipment of dozens of biological agents including anthrax and dual use insecticides. This was necessary at the time, officials said. Iraq was the sworn enemy of America's enemy, Iran. (http://www.usip.org) “Questions have been raised about whether the United States not only ignored foreign arms shipments to Iraq, but actually encouraged or even arranged them. A former National Security Council official, Howard Teicher, said in a 1995 court affidavit that the CIA made sure Iraq received weapons from non-U.S. manufacturers.” Ken Guggenheim,
“War Crimes Trial for Saddam Could Reveal Details of Past U.S. Help,” Associated Press, January 24, 2004.
The lasting hope that Baghdad would become less oppressive and more responsible did not materialize. Ironically, Iran now shows more promise for reform than Iraq. The seductions of privilege and absolute control that accompany occupations may make it difficult to rule Iraq without hubris—but it is essential that the United States make the effort. Arrogance will almost certainly prove disastrous. Every gesture will carry political significance especially in an environment where international legitimacy for occupation is in short supply.
The inexplicable relationship between the Iraq government, Russian and France has revealed that Saddam is attempting to possess nuclear capabilities. On several occasions, the United Nations had confirmed that Iraq had been gathering a number of nuclear scientists in efforts to develop weapons, and if he could obtained enough uranium, he could have a bomb in a matter of months or even weeks. Furthermore, the Iraqi government kicked out U.N. weapons inspectors a number of times and even defied the United Nations once again when they said that they would comply. Why else would they do this except to hide their weapons of mass destruction?
Despite all the claims of the presidency, the CIA has steadfastly maintained that there was absolutely no evidence of any direct threat to the U.S. from Saddam. The Iraqi government had never attacked the United State targets except in response to the America’s attacks. Saddam’s regime tried desperately to avoid invasion that he knew could remove him from power and bring his quality of life to an end. Obviously, Saddam was a bully, a cruel and evil dictator who brought danger to his people and his neighbors, but he was no threat whatsoever to the United States.
It is widely believed that, Saddam Hussein is not a stable world leader. If you disagree, perhaps you should look at his record: using biological and chemical weapons on his own people, assassinating his relatives to prevent competition and his previous attempt to take over Kuwait. It seems pretty clear that he has a hostile, self-interested personality that is not bounded by any kind of human rights policy.
On the other hand, the Bush administration’s policy, that we have the right of "preemptive self defense," is not only absurd, but also a dangerous precedent that will destabilize international tensions. Internationally, a "preemptive first strike" gives terrorists and bullies the perfect excuse to invade their neighbors.
The Bush administration complained that Saddam was in violation of U.N. resolutions, including 1441 and others. In as much as this may be a fact, it is a matter for the United Nations to enforce as an international body. The United Nations, in its charter and many other resolutions, also forbids individual nations from initiating first strikes against other nations. If the U.S. disregards these provisions of the charter and other resolutions, we are in far more flagrant violation of United Nations authority just as Iraq. We threatened to invade another nation that bore us no direct threat. We threatened to do exactly the same thing to Iraq that Iraq did to Kuwait. If carrying out these threats, we became the rogue state, and we should expect the United Nations to take sanctions against United States. Perhaps the United Nations will demand that we remove our nuclear, biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction.
The decision to attack Iraq and rid Saddam Hussein of his hold on power and the weapons he may possess, while successfully reconstructing and restoring authority to the Iraqi people was certainly a plus to democracy. Healthy and effective post-conflict initiatives will stabilize the region, empower Iraqi moderates to capture the national imagination, and allow the United States to bank on success to contain tensions and influence other developments in the Middle East and around the world.
On the other hand, failure to successfully secure a post-Saddam Iraq will not only reverse such advantages, it may lead to the collapse of the Iraqi state, the rise of another despot, or crippling economic uncertainty with global implications. Ultimately, post-war chaos and long-term disorder in Iraq may prove more destructive to human life, regional stability, and national interest than any attempt to oust Saddam Hussein’s government.
In conclusion, the accomplishments of an intervention, particularly one that is unilateral, could easily be subverted by losing the peace. American credibility is on the line. The United States has the resources and the expertise to win the war, but it almost certainly lacks the political will to successfully endure a post-war, multi-year marathon to rebuild Iraq alone. If the United States chooses war, it must summon the will to enlist significant allies, to attain international legitimacy, and to overcome an inherent aversion to nation building. If not, it should forgo war and pursue other means to resolve the crisis. Successful post-conflict reconstruction does not begin "the day after." It begins "the day before."
1. http://www.usip.org
2. www.newamericancentury.org
3. June 1, 2002, www.whitehouse.gov
4. Weekly Standard, June 4, 2001
5. Associated Press, December 27, 2002
5. Michael Moore’s documentary film titled Fahrenheit 9/11
What is the Role of a Designer?
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Designing For Human Experience
FA 3435
01-24-06
What is the Role of a Designer?
As a designer, my role is to work through and for other people, by creating ideas that appeal to the interest, needs and budget of my clients, rather than focusing on my own desire.
Also, a designer is expected to balance the extent to which the end user would be able to configure the product and put it to use. That is the practicability of the design is very crucial.
I am also responsible for supervising the production of the work, which is often subject to constant changes during the process of production. In most cases, these changes are not necessary due to the designer’s choice, but might be objectively determined by such factors as production cost, availability of required materials or techniques, a change in client’s core requirements, or discovery of key problems that were not obvious in the early stages of the project. Also, I must be practical and prepared for extensive responsibilities to other people.
Furthermore, as a designer, I have to work with other people with whom I have a contractual relationship. This is with the hope of reconcile various professionals involved in the production process at various stage. Such coordination includes sorting, ordering, and relating information. Thus bringing qualities of judgment and discrimination as much as a creative imagination in the interest of the client.
In conclusion, as a designer, I must be able to evaluate problems, or an opportunity, in a dispassionate way, on its terms (as well as his own), and to select, arrange and dispose his decisions accordingly. Also, I must be able to strive on constraint and to turn every opportunity to good account, spending at least half of the time working with graphic media of one sort or another during the final stages of the design.
Designing For Human Experience
FA 3435
01-24-06
What is the Role of a Designer?
As a designer, my role is to work through and for other people, by creating ideas that appeal to the interest, needs and budget of my clients, rather than focusing on my own desire.
Also, a designer is expected to balance the extent to which the end user would be able to configure the product and put it to use. That is the practicability of the design is very crucial.
I am also responsible for supervising the production of the work, which is often subject to constant changes during the process of production. In most cases, these changes are not necessary due to the designer’s choice, but might be objectively determined by such factors as production cost, availability of required materials or techniques, a change in client’s core requirements, or discovery of key problems that were not obvious in the early stages of the project. Also, I must be practical and prepared for extensive responsibilities to other people.
Furthermore, as a designer, I have to work with other people with whom I have a contractual relationship. This is with the hope of reconcile various professionals involved in the production process at various stage. Such coordination includes sorting, ordering, and relating information. Thus bringing qualities of judgment and discrimination as much as a creative imagination in the interest of the client.
In conclusion, as a designer, I must be able to evaluate problems, or an opportunity, in a dispassionate way, on its terms (as well as his own), and to select, arrange and dispose his decisions accordingly. Also, I must be able to strive on constraint and to turn every opportunity to good account, spending at least half of the time working with graphic media of one sort or another during the final stages of the design.
The Daughter Of Time
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
History 1382
Professor Sundberg
02-06-06
The Daughter Of Time
It is interesting to note that Grant begins to investigate the mystery of the princes' death with the help of a young researcher, He does so by starting from scratch, disregarding the "rumor" of general sources that merely repeat what others have said, and looking directly at the "evidence" to be found in laws, letters, and account books. When the "testimony" of a witness is presented in the form of a chronicle, he questions the motives of its author and checks the information, as best as he can, against what is and is not known as fact.
Based on the pool of compelling evidence before me, I am more than convinced that Richard III had nothing to do with the sudden death of his nephews. Thus proving Richard’s innocence.
In the first instance, most of the historic accounts on the personality of Richard III were bias to a fault. The theory that Richard hated his brother because of the sharp contrast between his beauty and Richard’s hunchbacked state or his withered arm was certainly a myth. In some cases he was harshly described as the young and patient small brother who had turned into a monster. Furthermore, the history books had portray Richard as the prince who usurped the throne on his brother’s death in place of the boy heir and arranged the death of his nephews. It was widely believed that while he was away from London, the boys had simply disappeared. The concept suggested that Richard sent someone (Sir James Tyrrel) to do the deed simply to secure his hold to the throne.
Secondly, the fact that Thomas More was Henry VIII’s Chancellor, proves that he could not have live through the whole of Henry VII’s reign as well as Richard III. Moreover he was barely 8 years old when Richard died at Bosworth, confirming that he was not a true eyewitness, but was simply reporting an old gossip or the account of a third party by the name of John Morton that happens to be HenryVII’s Archbishop of Canterbury (Richard’s bitterest enemy). Furthermore, the evidence confirms that More had never Known Richard III at all. Even though this accounts was referred to as the Bible of the whole history world on the subject of Richard III. Furthermore, More’s stewardship to the Tudor clearly indicates conflict of interest.
Thirdly, even though Henry brought a Bill of Attainder against Richard after Bosworth before the Parliament accusing him of cruelty and tyranny, he fail to mention the murder of the princes in the Tower. This I believe was due to the fact that the boys were still alive when Henry took over the Tower.
However, the confession of Stillington to the council, that he had married Edward IV to lady Eleanor Buter before his later marriage to Elizabeth Woodville was crucial evidence that nullify the legitimacy of Richard’s nephews to the throne without suggesting any fowl play on the side of Richard. The parliament simply accepted the evidence and incorporated it into an Act called Titulus Regius, which gave Richard the right to the throne.
Also, the surest evidence that Eleanor Butler’s story was true, lay in Henry VII’s urgent need to destroy it. However, if it were false, then all he had to do to discredit Richard was to bring it into the open and make Stillington eat his words. Instead he hushed it. Again, Henry VII had to repeal the Titulus Regius in order to make Elizabeth legitimate since he plans to married her thus, making the children legitimate and automatically making the two boys heir to the throne before her makes them a treat to him.
Henry realized that Eleanor Butler had truly married Edward, and the children really were illegitimate. And since the children were illegitimate, by the way, then no one could rise in their favor and they were certainly of no danger to Richard. This confirms that the boys were alive and well when Henry took over the Tower on his arrival from London. Furthermore, there was nothing that would explain his omission to make a scandal of it if the boys were missing and no one at that time ever suggested otherwise.
Furthermore, Tyrrel did not confess to the murder of the two boys. He was executed by Henry in a dungeon in the Tower and was beheaded in great haste and without trail on May 6, 1502, 17 years after the alleged murder of the boys. However, Henry did not publish a confession, but rather paid an historian, Polydore Virgil, who gave an account of how the murder was done after Tyrrel was dead. In fact, Tyrrel would have been tried and executed for the boy’s murder, openly, in 1485. Henry executed Tyrrel in 1502, and announced by way of his tame historian that Tyrrel had confessed that twenty years before he had murdered the princes.
Again, Edward’s children lived happily and were all well cared for by king Richard and were even paid pensions. Richard also appointed George’s son his heir when his own son died.
Although, Grant got a telegram from Brent containing details of his finding about the chronicle in Latin written by the monk at Croyland, confirming the rumor that the boys’ death was written before Richard’s death. He later realized that the location of the source (croyland, Fen country near Ely) was where Morton was hiding out after his escape from Buckinham’s charge. This revelation was credited to a French chancellor in a speech to the State-General at Tour. The French Regency sent an embassy to Richard six month later probably after they found out that the rumor was false. In which Richard signed a safe-conduct for their visit.
Morton was at the heart of the conspiracy to murder Richard before he could be crowned. In fact he and a friend of his called Christopher Urswick worked like beavers in Henry’s interest; sending preuie letters and cloked messages to England to stir up hostility against Richard. Morton taught that if he could help Henry Tudor to a throne then he might still be able to lay hand on the position of the archbishop of Canterbury or even the Cardinal. This made it overwhelmingly important to Morton that Richard should not have the government of England.
The strongest and most crucial factor that made the British society believed that Richard III actually killed his two nephews was based on the fact that it was generally recorded in their history books and confirmed in the “History of Richard III” written by the most renowned historian of their time in person of Sir Thomas More. Moreover it was a general believed that it is bad manner to contradict Sir Thomas More. Furthermore, it was also recorded that Sir James Tyrrel, who carried out the execution actually confessed killing the boys and was later sentenced to death by hanging. Some even suggested that the skeletons found under the stairs in Charles II’s days were the remains of the two boys and had been buried.
Furthermore, the unfortunate lose of his only son and the subsequent death of his wife about the same time shortly after the death of the boys seems like retribution or was believed to be an act of divine justice.
Truly, the concept of “Tonypandy” equally exists in the United States and in fact around the world. A typical example is the over exaggeration of the dramatic rescuer of the “POW” during the Iraqi war. The impression created by the American media was more like a Hollywood picture. Claiming that the Iraqi army was heavily armed and that there was a large casualty due to resistant from the Iraqi army. The story concluded that it took the braveness and courageous effort of a tactical team of US army to over power the Iraqi military. The British media later disproved this even though millions of American viewer still believes the act truly took place at such magnitude.
History 1382
Professor Sundberg
02-06-06
The Daughter Of Time
It is interesting to note that Grant begins to investigate the mystery of the princes' death with the help of a young researcher, He does so by starting from scratch, disregarding the "rumor" of general sources that merely repeat what others have said, and looking directly at the "evidence" to be found in laws, letters, and account books. When the "testimony" of a witness is presented in the form of a chronicle, he questions the motives of its author and checks the information, as best as he can, against what is and is not known as fact.
Based on the pool of compelling evidence before me, I am more than convinced that Richard III had nothing to do with the sudden death of his nephews. Thus proving Richard’s innocence.
In the first instance, most of the historic accounts on the personality of Richard III were bias to a fault. The theory that Richard hated his brother because of the sharp contrast between his beauty and Richard’s hunchbacked state or his withered arm was certainly a myth. In some cases he was harshly described as the young and patient small brother who had turned into a monster. Furthermore, the history books had portray Richard as the prince who usurped the throne on his brother’s death in place of the boy heir and arranged the death of his nephews. It was widely believed that while he was away from London, the boys had simply disappeared. The concept suggested that Richard sent someone (Sir James Tyrrel) to do the deed simply to secure his hold to the throne.
Secondly, the fact that Thomas More was Henry VIII’s Chancellor, proves that he could not have live through the whole of Henry VII’s reign as well as Richard III. Moreover he was barely 8 years old when Richard died at Bosworth, confirming that he was not a true eyewitness, but was simply reporting an old gossip or the account of a third party by the name of John Morton that happens to be HenryVII’s Archbishop of Canterbury (Richard’s bitterest enemy). Furthermore, the evidence confirms that More had never Known Richard III at all. Even though this accounts was referred to as the Bible of the whole history world on the subject of Richard III. Furthermore, More’s stewardship to the Tudor clearly indicates conflict of interest.
Thirdly, even though Henry brought a Bill of Attainder against Richard after Bosworth before the Parliament accusing him of cruelty and tyranny, he fail to mention the murder of the princes in the Tower. This I believe was due to the fact that the boys were still alive when Henry took over the Tower.
However, the confession of Stillington to the council, that he had married Edward IV to lady Eleanor Buter before his later marriage to Elizabeth Woodville was crucial evidence that nullify the legitimacy of Richard’s nephews to the throne without suggesting any fowl play on the side of Richard. The parliament simply accepted the evidence and incorporated it into an Act called Titulus Regius, which gave Richard the right to the throne.
Also, the surest evidence that Eleanor Butler’s story was true, lay in Henry VII’s urgent need to destroy it. However, if it were false, then all he had to do to discredit Richard was to bring it into the open and make Stillington eat his words. Instead he hushed it. Again, Henry VII had to repeal the Titulus Regius in order to make Elizabeth legitimate since he plans to married her thus, making the children legitimate and automatically making the two boys heir to the throne before her makes them a treat to him.
Henry realized that Eleanor Butler had truly married Edward, and the children really were illegitimate. And since the children were illegitimate, by the way, then no one could rise in their favor and they were certainly of no danger to Richard. This confirms that the boys were alive and well when Henry took over the Tower on his arrival from London. Furthermore, there was nothing that would explain his omission to make a scandal of it if the boys were missing and no one at that time ever suggested otherwise.
Furthermore, Tyrrel did not confess to the murder of the two boys. He was executed by Henry in a dungeon in the Tower and was beheaded in great haste and without trail on May 6, 1502, 17 years after the alleged murder of the boys. However, Henry did not publish a confession, but rather paid an historian, Polydore Virgil, who gave an account of how the murder was done after Tyrrel was dead. In fact, Tyrrel would have been tried and executed for the boy’s murder, openly, in 1485. Henry executed Tyrrel in 1502, and announced by way of his tame historian that Tyrrel had confessed that twenty years before he had murdered the princes.
Again, Edward’s children lived happily and were all well cared for by king Richard and were even paid pensions. Richard also appointed George’s son his heir when his own son died.
Although, Grant got a telegram from Brent containing details of his finding about the chronicle in Latin written by the monk at Croyland, confirming the rumor that the boys’ death was written before Richard’s death. He later realized that the location of the source (croyland, Fen country near Ely) was where Morton was hiding out after his escape from Buckinham’s charge. This revelation was credited to a French chancellor in a speech to the State-General at Tour. The French Regency sent an embassy to Richard six month later probably after they found out that the rumor was false. In which Richard signed a safe-conduct for their visit.
Morton was at the heart of the conspiracy to murder Richard before he could be crowned. In fact he and a friend of his called Christopher Urswick worked like beavers in Henry’s interest; sending preuie letters and cloked messages to England to stir up hostility against Richard. Morton taught that if he could help Henry Tudor to a throne then he might still be able to lay hand on the position of the archbishop of Canterbury or even the Cardinal. This made it overwhelmingly important to Morton that Richard should not have the government of England.
The strongest and most crucial factor that made the British society believed that Richard III actually killed his two nephews was based on the fact that it was generally recorded in their history books and confirmed in the “History of Richard III” written by the most renowned historian of their time in person of Sir Thomas More. Moreover it was a general believed that it is bad manner to contradict Sir Thomas More. Furthermore, it was also recorded that Sir James Tyrrel, who carried out the execution actually confessed killing the boys and was later sentenced to death by hanging. Some even suggested that the skeletons found under the stairs in Charles II’s days were the remains of the two boys and had been buried.
Furthermore, the unfortunate lose of his only son and the subsequent death of his wife about the same time shortly after the death of the boys seems like retribution or was believed to be an act of divine justice.
Truly, the concept of “Tonypandy” equally exists in the United States and in fact around the world. A typical example is the over exaggeration of the dramatic rescuer of the “POW” during the Iraqi war. The impression created by the American media was more like a Hollywood picture. Claiming that the Iraqi army was heavily armed and that there was a large casualty due to resistant from the Iraqi army. The story concluded that it took the braveness and courageous effort of a tactical team of US army to over power the Iraqi military. The British media later disproved this even though millions of American viewer still believes the act truly took place at such magnitude.
A CINDERELLA STORY
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
History 1382
Professor Sundberg
04-12-06
CINDERELLA
The Cinderella Story is a fairy tale that reflects the lives of a regular peasant family. The earliest version of the story originated in China around 860 A.D. This classic story is a popular fairy tale that embodied the myth and elements of the unjust oppression within the society and the triumphant reward of graciousness rather than facial beauty.
It is believed that graciousness, obedience and faithfulness are virtues that are beyond price or measure and it is greatly desired in a queen. Without these virtues, one can do nothing; but with it, one can do everything.
SHORT STORY
Once upon a time there lived a young girl by the name Sandra with her dad. Sandra’s father had just re-married after losing his first wife to cancer at the early age of 40 years. During one of the regular church meetings, he was introduced to a lady who happens to be a widow with two daughters from a previous marriage. The couple soon got married and they all lived together as a family. Sandra’s father did everything within his power to make the entire family live as comfortable as possible but his new wife always had some thing negative to complain about Sandra. She considered her to be spoilt, lazy and would scold her even in the present of her father who was so weak to rebuke her of her wrong doing. Sandra’s stepmother was proud, arrogant and wicked to Sandra, but always indulges her own daughters and made sure they had everything they ever asked for.
One Friday afternoon, Sandra came back from school and was surprised to hear of her father’s sudden death in a motor accident. She was forced to live with her stepmother and her two daughters, since her father did not leave a will behind. After her father’s unexpected death, Sandra’s stepmother took over all the bank account, stock shares and the family business.
Even as a high school senior, Sandra lived at the beck and call of her self-obsessed stepmother and her sinfully wicked stepsisters, who treat her more, like a servant than a member of the family.
With Sandra’s sights set on attending University of Lagos, her dream of studying Medicine at the University was almost mired by her stepmother, when she destroyed her admission letter and told her she was not intelligent enough to attend higher institution, but should rather concentrates on helping with the family business.
Although Sandra was a pretty, humble and intelligent young girl, she was more noted for her tattered clothes by her pears in school. She finds her less-than-sparkling social life magnificently complicated when she developed a cyber relationship with a secret male friend from her school. Very often, they send short text messages to each other through their cell phone and emails.
Zeb soon invited Sandra to be his date at the school’s homecoming dance but Sandra knew she would need a miracle to be able to attend the dance due to the fact that she has no beautiful dress to wear to the event. Her friend heard of her date and saw how unhappy she was because she did not have the right clothes for the dance but decided to contribute money to buy her a nice dress and hired a Limousine with a chauffeur to take her to the dance. She was so pretty and elegantly dressed that the entire students and teachers could not help but notice her beauty.
Finally, when Sandra and Zeb met at the school’s homecoming dance, she was surprised to see her prince charming was in fact a handsome soccer player and the captain of the school team. He was also unaware of Sandra’s identity due to her mask, and spent the entire week trying to find out who his mystery date was after all.
Sandra makes a mad dash back to reality, leaving her cell phone behind just before the clock struck midnight.
Fearing rejection if her secret is revealed, Sandra dodges Zeb's efforts to discover the identity of his princess. Later on she attempted to tell Zeb her true identity several times but they all get foiled. Then her envious stepsister accidentally discovers her numerous emails with Zeb, and decided to tell Zeb’s ex-girlfriend about Sandra.
So, at the school pep-rally, Sandra's identity was revealed, to her embarrassment.
Upset about how things turned out, Sandra defies her stepmother’s orders, and quits her job at the company. That same night, she confronted Zeb before the big soccer game. The game got so tough, and Zeb was awarded a penalty for a rough tackle from the opponent team. The crowd was so happy and they chanted Zeb’s name, Sandra decided to leave the game arena. Instead of playing the free kick, Zeb abandoned the game and went after Sandra who was still in the crowd. He told her how much he loved her and that he was so proud of her regardless of what any body might think of her.
In conclusion, Sandra founds her father’s secret will hide between the pages of her dairy and discovered that she had inherited all of her father's property. She took over the family business from the stepmother, and later employed her and her daughters to work for her. At the end, Zeb and Sandra got admitted into University of Lagos and the two lived happily ever after.
History 1382
Professor Sundberg
04-12-06
CINDERELLA
The Cinderella Story is a fairy tale that reflects the lives of a regular peasant family. The earliest version of the story originated in China around 860 A.D. This classic story is a popular fairy tale that embodied the myth and elements of the unjust oppression within the society and the triumphant reward of graciousness rather than facial beauty.
It is believed that graciousness, obedience and faithfulness are virtues that are beyond price or measure and it is greatly desired in a queen. Without these virtues, one can do nothing; but with it, one can do everything.
SHORT STORY
Once upon a time there lived a young girl by the name Sandra with her dad. Sandra’s father had just re-married after losing his first wife to cancer at the early age of 40 years. During one of the regular church meetings, he was introduced to a lady who happens to be a widow with two daughters from a previous marriage. The couple soon got married and they all lived together as a family. Sandra’s father did everything within his power to make the entire family live as comfortable as possible but his new wife always had some thing negative to complain about Sandra. She considered her to be spoilt, lazy and would scold her even in the present of her father who was so weak to rebuke her of her wrong doing. Sandra’s stepmother was proud, arrogant and wicked to Sandra, but always indulges her own daughters and made sure they had everything they ever asked for.
One Friday afternoon, Sandra came back from school and was surprised to hear of her father’s sudden death in a motor accident. She was forced to live with her stepmother and her two daughters, since her father did not leave a will behind. After her father’s unexpected death, Sandra’s stepmother took over all the bank account, stock shares and the family business.
Even as a high school senior, Sandra lived at the beck and call of her self-obsessed stepmother and her sinfully wicked stepsisters, who treat her more, like a servant than a member of the family.
With Sandra’s sights set on attending University of Lagos, her dream of studying Medicine at the University was almost mired by her stepmother, when she destroyed her admission letter and told her she was not intelligent enough to attend higher institution, but should rather concentrates on helping with the family business.
Although Sandra was a pretty, humble and intelligent young girl, she was more noted for her tattered clothes by her pears in school. She finds her less-than-sparkling social life magnificently complicated when she developed a cyber relationship with a secret male friend from her school. Very often, they send short text messages to each other through their cell phone and emails.
Zeb soon invited Sandra to be his date at the school’s homecoming dance but Sandra knew she would need a miracle to be able to attend the dance due to the fact that she has no beautiful dress to wear to the event. Her friend heard of her date and saw how unhappy she was because she did not have the right clothes for the dance but decided to contribute money to buy her a nice dress and hired a Limousine with a chauffeur to take her to the dance. She was so pretty and elegantly dressed that the entire students and teachers could not help but notice her beauty.
Finally, when Sandra and Zeb met at the school’s homecoming dance, she was surprised to see her prince charming was in fact a handsome soccer player and the captain of the school team. He was also unaware of Sandra’s identity due to her mask, and spent the entire week trying to find out who his mystery date was after all.
Sandra makes a mad dash back to reality, leaving her cell phone behind just before the clock struck midnight.
Fearing rejection if her secret is revealed, Sandra dodges Zeb's efforts to discover the identity of his princess. Later on she attempted to tell Zeb her true identity several times but they all get foiled. Then her envious stepsister accidentally discovers her numerous emails with Zeb, and decided to tell Zeb’s ex-girlfriend about Sandra.
So, at the school pep-rally, Sandra's identity was revealed, to her embarrassment.
Upset about how things turned out, Sandra defies her stepmother’s orders, and quits her job at the company. That same night, she confronted Zeb before the big soccer game. The game got so tough, and Zeb was awarded a penalty for a rough tackle from the opponent team. The crowd was so happy and they chanted Zeb’s name, Sandra decided to leave the game arena. Instead of playing the free kick, Zeb abandoned the game and went after Sandra who was still in the crowd. He told her how much he loved her and that he was so proud of her regardless of what any body might think of her.
In conclusion, Sandra founds her father’s secret will hide between the pages of her dairy and discovered that she had inherited all of her father's property. She took over the family business from the stepmother, and later employed her and her daughters to work for her. At the end, Zeb and Sandra got admitted into University of Lagos and the two lived happily ever after.
The Epic and Braveheart
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
ENG1601
The Epic and Braveheart
06-14-05
1. The first similarity in the structure of the epic poem and in Braveheart is that the narrative patterns are both from an omniscient point of view. The narrator seems to have a complete knowledge of everything that happens in the narrative, including facts about physical location, the history of the society and all the characters’ action and thoughts.
The second similarity is the primary conflict that holds the two stories where the setting of a protagonist in person of William Wallace in Braveheart and Beowulf in the epic poem and the antagonist as reflected in the characters of Edward of England in Braveheart and the Monsters in the epic poem.
The third similarity in both the epic poem and Braveheart was that the setting which were both realistic and true reflection of the time in history from which both stories where written. This can be noted in the physical setting which includes the high mountains, forest, castle, battlefield etc. that were realistic settings in those days. Including the temporary settings, which reflected the time period - season of the year and time of day, length of time and perspective of time as explained by both narrators.
2. One example of myth found in Braveheart was the myth of fall as noticed with the death of William Wallace.
One example of legend in Braveheart was Wallace’s avenge of the death of his beloved wife.
One example of a folktale in Braveheart is the story about the oppression of the Scottish people by the English monarch for many years, was relayed from generations to generations in a narrative folktale pattern that has been part of the Scottish history and traditional tales for years.
3. Braveheart encompassed aspects of the epic in the following elements:
The characterization pattern was similar in the scene that even though the main characters in both Braveheart and the epic poem were human, they assume supernatural figures.
The choice of language in both the epic poem and Braveheart was fashioned in a way that reflected the character’s background, attribute and traits at the same time using complicated language device that requires concentrated thoughts in diction and elaborate figure of speech.
The themes in Braveheart encompassed in epic poem include honor, loyalty, self-sacrifice, commitment and freedom.
4. Some of the qualities that makes William Wallace an epic hero are as follows:
The willingness of Wallace to die for the sake of freedom for his people and not compromising even at the point of death.
The ability to challenge the great English army despite their military strength and might at numerous battleground against the Scottish.
The decision to avenge the death of his wife alone with or without the support is his countrymen.
5. One of the themes in Braveheart suggested that bravery requires self-sacrifice. This theme implies that freedom is all about self-sacrifice and people should be willing to die for what they believe in. This was more evident in the battle scene when the English army intimidated the Scottish army and their noble lords were willing to negotiate and retreat from the battle. Until Wallace came around and challenged his countrymen with motivating words that the cost of freedom is priceless.
“Sons of Scotland, in defiance of terror you have came out to fight as free men and free men you are…Fight you may die, run you live for a while…. They may take your lives, but they will never take your freedom.”
ENG1601
The Epic and Braveheart
06-14-05
1. The first similarity in the structure of the epic poem and in Braveheart is that the narrative patterns are both from an omniscient point of view. The narrator seems to have a complete knowledge of everything that happens in the narrative, including facts about physical location, the history of the society and all the characters’ action and thoughts.
The second similarity is the primary conflict that holds the two stories where the setting of a protagonist in person of William Wallace in Braveheart and Beowulf in the epic poem and the antagonist as reflected in the characters of Edward of England in Braveheart and the Monsters in the epic poem.
The third similarity in both the epic poem and Braveheart was that the setting which were both realistic and true reflection of the time in history from which both stories where written. This can be noted in the physical setting which includes the high mountains, forest, castle, battlefield etc. that were realistic settings in those days. Including the temporary settings, which reflected the time period - season of the year and time of day, length of time and perspective of time as explained by both narrators.
2. One example of myth found in Braveheart was the myth of fall as noticed with the death of William Wallace.
One example of legend in Braveheart was Wallace’s avenge of the death of his beloved wife.
One example of a folktale in Braveheart is the story about the oppression of the Scottish people by the English monarch for many years, was relayed from generations to generations in a narrative folktale pattern that has been part of the Scottish history and traditional tales for years.
3. Braveheart encompassed aspects of the epic in the following elements:
The characterization pattern was similar in the scene that even though the main characters in both Braveheart and the epic poem were human, they assume supernatural figures.
The choice of language in both the epic poem and Braveheart was fashioned in a way that reflected the character’s background, attribute and traits at the same time using complicated language device that requires concentrated thoughts in diction and elaborate figure of speech.
The themes in Braveheart encompassed in epic poem include honor, loyalty, self-sacrifice, commitment and freedom.
4. Some of the qualities that makes William Wallace an epic hero are as follows:
The willingness of Wallace to die for the sake of freedom for his people and not compromising even at the point of death.
The ability to challenge the great English army despite their military strength and might at numerous battleground against the Scottish.
The decision to avenge the death of his wife alone with or without the support is his countrymen.
5. One of the themes in Braveheart suggested that bravery requires self-sacrifice. This theme implies that freedom is all about self-sacrifice and people should be willing to die for what they believe in. This was more evident in the battle scene when the English army intimidated the Scottish army and their noble lords were willing to negotiate and retreat from the battle. Until Wallace came around and challenged his countrymen with motivating words that the cost of freedom is priceless.
“Sons of Scotland, in defiance of terror you have came out to fight as free men and free men you are…Fight you may die, run you live for a while…. They may take your lives, but they will never take your freedom.”
THE RELIGIOUS RIGHTS AND THE POWER TO BELIEVE
Mushafau Ade Kukoyi
Harv Bishop
Introduction to Political Science
November 1, 2005
The Religious Rights and the Power to Believe
Are you a Muslim or a Christian?
Are you a Catholic or Protestants?
Are you a Believer or a Non-Believer?
These are regular questions and challenges that most individuals face on a daily bases within our society. As an individual born to a Muslim family late in the 60’s, I can relate to some of these questions and the challenges or consequences that I had to face for my answer to any of these questions.
In the first instance, the influence and power of the agents of socialization (i.e. family, primary school, secondary school, colleges and adulthood) on people in our society especially in Africa, plays a vital role in defining the personality, faith, believes, values and life styles of most people in our society today. I must also admit that, of all these agents of socialization, the family has the strongest influence on the religious rights and believes of an average African including myself.
For example, it is a taboo for you to proclaim a different faith from the original faith of your parent especially that of your father. As such, most children generally end up practicing the faith that they were born into, not as a result of their interest or conviction of the faith but as part of the family ritual that every member of the family is expected to practice and pass on to the next generation.
In most instances, some of these lines of questions stated above are used to target individual behaviors, assault their personality or simply to stereotype people, in other to place them within the certain specific frame in the society.
However, I strongly perceive myself as a liberal, order left, and with basic beliefs in morals, ethics, freedom, justice and equal opportunities for every citizen. Furthermore, I submit that the government need to step in (outside) in other to guarantee fairness and equality of all people within the society. Moreover, government need to regulate and create fair laws and ensure that established institutions follow such rules and regulations in the interest of peace, justice and stability of any progressive nation.
In the first instance, I strongly belief that everybody should have their political views, religious believes and socio-cultural values respected by all individuals and established institutions, rather than overlooking individuals or institutions that promote strict fundamental ideology in the society for everybody to follow.
Secondly, I will also like to point out that most of the primary and secondary educational institutions in western Nigeria, in the 70’s were established and funded by Islamic or Christian organizations. Thus, most students were compelled to renounce their faith and change their names in other to be eligible to enroll into public schools. By so doing, one can notice the great impact of primary and secondary schools in socializing these children from an early age. It is important to state that certain norms such as daily reading of scriptural verses, songs of praise, and act of daily worship were consistent pattern of socialization. At the same time, sanctions were enforced through labeling of those that rebel against such religious educational institutions. Moreover, if you don't believe in their religious practice, you are considered "lost" or if you oppose their political positions, you are considered "blinded by the evil spirit." However, because of the growing numbers of these religious institutions, many believed that they represent the ideologies and identity of true Christianity or Islam. Absolutely, this is not true. These groups represent a far-right position in a much larger spectrum of Christian and Muslim believers.
However, fundamentalist ideas are nothing new in our society, however they can be harsh, hypercritical and downright mean, but in most cases, they are not true representatives of any of the faiths or values for which they claim to speak. It is important to state that every major religion has had its share. For example, fundamentalists Muslims have made many non-Muslims fear the religion, and yet the Muslim faith, in its true sense, remains a peace-loving faith. At the same time, fundamentalist Christians have made many non-Christians fear the religion, and yet the Christian faith, at its core, remains a peaceable faith. It's only when fundamentalists are allowed to gain political power through established institutions that their existence becomes a threat to mankind. That is why the government needs to create appropriate laws and regulate and check established institutions accordingly.
Furthermore, other examples include that of the Sikh fundamentalists that shot the bullets that killed Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandi. At the same time, Islamic fundamentalists that are launching terror attacks against American targets around the world, British Protestant fundamentalists who were responsible for launching terror attacks against the minority Irish Catholics in Northern Ireland. Likewise, recently in the United States, there is a growing fear of legislative and physical abuse against human rights, led, by institutionalized fundamentalists.
However, my experience at the college and adulthood level is quite different from that of the other agents of socialization. This is largely due to the fact that the college level help to stimulate your critical thinking capability and you ability to interact with fellow peers within the society. Moreover, you have the options of choosing from a broader perspective of various media, communities and friends that are available to you as a grown up individual.
Finally, it is important to state that the real issue with these ideology, people or institutions is not their specific beliefs, values or faiths. It is their addictions to thinking they are right with the firm believes that they have a corner on the market of truth. In other words, to belief that the truths they've professed in their minds are indeed absolute truths and that everyone else must be made to believe in the same truths lest they die.
Harv Bishop
Introduction to Political Science
November 1, 2005
The Religious Rights and the Power to Believe
Are you a Muslim or a Christian?
Are you a Catholic or Protestants?
Are you a Believer or a Non-Believer?
These are regular questions and challenges that most individuals face on a daily bases within our society. As an individual born to a Muslim family late in the 60’s, I can relate to some of these questions and the challenges or consequences that I had to face for my answer to any of these questions.
In the first instance, the influence and power of the agents of socialization (i.e. family, primary school, secondary school, colleges and adulthood) on people in our society especially in Africa, plays a vital role in defining the personality, faith, believes, values and life styles of most people in our society today. I must also admit that, of all these agents of socialization, the family has the strongest influence on the religious rights and believes of an average African including myself.
For example, it is a taboo for you to proclaim a different faith from the original faith of your parent especially that of your father. As such, most children generally end up practicing the faith that they were born into, not as a result of their interest or conviction of the faith but as part of the family ritual that every member of the family is expected to practice and pass on to the next generation.
In most instances, some of these lines of questions stated above are used to target individual behaviors, assault their personality or simply to stereotype people, in other to place them within the certain specific frame in the society.
However, I strongly perceive myself as a liberal, order left, and with basic beliefs in morals, ethics, freedom, justice and equal opportunities for every citizen. Furthermore, I submit that the government need to step in (outside) in other to guarantee fairness and equality of all people within the society. Moreover, government need to regulate and create fair laws and ensure that established institutions follow such rules and regulations in the interest of peace, justice and stability of any progressive nation.
In the first instance, I strongly belief that everybody should have their political views, religious believes and socio-cultural values respected by all individuals and established institutions, rather than overlooking individuals or institutions that promote strict fundamental ideology in the society for everybody to follow.
Secondly, I will also like to point out that most of the primary and secondary educational institutions in western Nigeria, in the 70’s were established and funded by Islamic or Christian organizations. Thus, most students were compelled to renounce their faith and change their names in other to be eligible to enroll into public schools. By so doing, one can notice the great impact of primary and secondary schools in socializing these children from an early age. It is important to state that certain norms such as daily reading of scriptural verses, songs of praise, and act of daily worship were consistent pattern of socialization. At the same time, sanctions were enforced through labeling of those that rebel against such religious educational institutions. Moreover, if you don't believe in their religious practice, you are considered "lost" or if you oppose their political positions, you are considered "blinded by the evil spirit." However, because of the growing numbers of these religious institutions, many believed that they represent the ideologies and identity of true Christianity or Islam. Absolutely, this is not true. These groups represent a far-right position in a much larger spectrum of Christian and Muslim believers.
However, fundamentalist ideas are nothing new in our society, however they can be harsh, hypercritical and downright mean, but in most cases, they are not true representatives of any of the faiths or values for which they claim to speak. It is important to state that every major religion has had its share. For example, fundamentalists Muslims have made many non-Muslims fear the religion, and yet the Muslim faith, in its true sense, remains a peace-loving faith. At the same time, fundamentalist Christians have made many non-Christians fear the religion, and yet the Christian faith, at its core, remains a peaceable faith. It's only when fundamentalists are allowed to gain political power through established institutions that their existence becomes a threat to mankind. That is why the government needs to create appropriate laws and regulate and check established institutions accordingly.
Furthermore, other examples include that of the Sikh fundamentalists that shot the bullets that killed Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandi. At the same time, Islamic fundamentalists that are launching terror attacks against American targets around the world, British Protestant fundamentalists who were responsible for launching terror attacks against the minority Irish Catholics in Northern Ireland. Likewise, recently in the United States, there is a growing fear of legislative and physical abuse against human rights, led, by institutionalized fundamentalists.
However, my experience at the college and adulthood level is quite different from that of the other agents of socialization. This is largely due to the fact that the college level help to stimulate your critical thinking capability and you ability to interact with fellow peers within the society. Moreover, you have the options of choosing from a broader perspective of various media, communities and friends that are available to you as a grown up individual.
Finally, it is important to state that the real issue with these ideology, people or institutions is not their specific beliefs, values or faiths. It is their addictions to thinking they are right with the firm believes that they have a corner on the market of truth. In other words, to belief that the truths they've professed in their minds are indeed absolute truths and that everyone else must be made to believe in the same truths lest they die.
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